Seminars in vascular medicine
-
The number of patients anticoagulated with warfarin has rapidly increased over the last decade. Approximately 1% of these patients experience serious bleeding and 0.5% die annually from bleeding. ⋯ For life-threatening bleeding, the use of clotting factor concentrates is essential for immediate anticoagulation reversal, whereas for less severe bleeding intravenous vitamin K is the treatment of choice. Vitamin K (by the intravenous or oral route) should also be used in overanticoagulated patients who are not actively bleeding but who are at high risk of doing so if their anticoagulation is not, at least partially, corrected.