Acta ophthalmologica
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The association of biomedical sciences with mathematics is inextricable and undeniable. It should be considered that gaining confidence or strong belief within the framework of a scientific experiment - in the 'compulsory' marriage with statistics - does not mean total and undisturbed certainty. The null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) has been the kernel of statistical data analysis for a long period. ⋯ Account must be taken of their origin, conditioning (medical knowledge), as well as specific implications in clinical practice. The effect size makes possible to compare results of various research works. It is argued that to the rescue for modern science can come research works that bear the stamp of reproducibility, for example studies conducted in several independent centres, based on coherent and meticulous methodology, or data from various centres typed in one spotless big database and submitted to rigorous and deliberate multilevel statistical analyses.