South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Ciramadol--a new synthetic analgesic. A double-blind comparison with oral codeine for postoperative pain relief.
One hundred and eighty patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists rating 1-2) received one of three oral analgesics--ciramadol (Wy. 15705) 20 mg, ciramadol 60 mg or codeine 60 mg--on a double-blind random basis for the relief of pain 24-48 hours after major general surgical, gynaecological or orthopaedic operations. All three analgesics proved equally effective and caused mild sedation only. No patient showed signs of clinical cardiorespiratory depression, and other side-effects were infrequent. Ciramadol may therefore prove a useful clinical alternative to conventional oral analgesics provided its lack of respiratory depressant properties and addiction potential in monkeys can be substantiated in humans.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Flunisolide nasal spray in the treatment of perennial rhinitis.
Twenty patients with perennial rhinitis took part in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over comparison of flunisolide nasal spray (Syntaris; Syntex) and its vehicle. The sprays were used twice daily for 4 weeks and a total daily dose of 200 micrograms flunisolide was used. ⋯ Patient and doctor treatment preferences were significantly in favour of the active spray. Side-effects were mainly confined to nasal irritation and occurred equally in both treatment groups.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Precautions against intra-ocular pressure changes during endotracheal intubation--a comparison of pretreatment with intravenous lignocaine and diazepam.
Endotracheal intubation after administration of succinylcholine is associated with a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP). That this is likely to have harmful effects in patients with penetrating eye injuries is self-evident. The efficacy of various means of abolishing these effects is debatable. ⋯ IOP, pulse rate and systolic blood pressure were recorded after induction, after intubation and after return of spontaneous respiration. Statistical analysis of the data showed that diazepam diminished the rise in IOP, while lignocaine had little effect (P less than 0,05). It is concluded that pretreatment with diazepam 0,05 mg/kg is beneficial in reducing the ocular risks of endotracheal intubation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Topical analgesia of the upper airway with lignocaine. Absorption and its relationship to toxic and anti-arrhythmic levels.
After routine topical application of lignocaine to the upper airway before passage of an endotracheal tube during general anaesthesia, plasma lignocaine levels were assayed in 20 artificially ventilated and 21 spontaneously ventilating patients. Systemic absorption was found to be rapid but very variable. Mean peak level were attained 15 minutes before spraying and were well below the convulsive threshold for anaesthetized patients, while reputedly anti-arrhythmic levels were achieved by 5 minutes and maintained until 40 minutes. Levels in the ventilated group were significantly higher 20 minutes after administration.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Evaluation of lorcainide, a new anti-arrhythmic agent.
A new anti-arrhythmic agent, lorcainide, has been compared with lignocaine in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Lorcainide has been shown to be as effective as lignocaine in suppressing ventricular ectopy. Lorcainide is unusually free of side-effects and has the great advantage over lignocaine of being effective when given orally.