Medicinski pregled
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The prevalence of migraine in childhood and adolescence has not changed to a great extent, but it increases in adolescence, especially in female adolescents. MENSTRUAL MIGRAINE--DEFINITION: There are two types of menstrual migraine: true menstrual migraine and menstrually related migraine. True menstrual migraine occurs predominantly around menstruation, whereas menstrually related migraine occurs during menstruation, but also at other times during the month. ⋯ Hormonally associated migraine is a specific clinical entity. It is important to diagnose the type of migraine, considering the fact that a decline in estrogen level at the end of menstrual cycle triggers migraine, so it can be treated by low levels of estrogen.
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The single most important clinically relevant cause of global cerebral ischemia is cardiac arrest. The estimated rate of sudden cardiac arrest is between 40 and 130 cases per 100.000 people per year. Almost 80% of patients initially resuscitated from cardiac arrest remain comatose for more than one hour. One year after cardiac arrest only 10-30% of these patients survive with good neurological outcome. The ability to survive anoxic no-flow states is dramatically increased with protective and preservative hypothermia. The results of clinical studies show a marked neuroprotective effect of mild hypothermia in resuscitation. ⋯ Mild resuscitative hypothermia after cardiac arrest improves neurological outcome and reduces mortality in comatose survivors.
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Recent literature data suggest that permanent or reversible hearing loss may occur after general anesthesia. The etiology varies, while hearing loss following middle ear surgery is attributed to exposure to nitrous oxide (N,0). The objective of our study was to measure, using tympanometry, the middle air pressure change caused by nitrous oxide during general anesthesia and to establish its emetogenic effects during the postoperative period. ⋯ Postoperative audiometry findings showed no conductive or sensorineural hearing loss after interventions. Nitrous oxide can be used in general balanced anesthesia with discontinuation 15 to 45 minutes before insertion of the tvmpanic membrane and completion of middle ear surgery.
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Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is the most common abdominal surgical condition in newborns and infants, while intussusception is the most frequent problem in children between the ages of 6 months and 2 years. The aim of this study was to show the advantages of ultrasonography in diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and intussusception and also to point out the efficiency of ultrasound guided hydrostatic reduction of childhood intussusception, as a nonoperative therapeutic option. ⋯ Ultrasonography has proved to be a remarkably precise diagnostic modality in diagnosing HPS and intussusception, but also makes nonoperative treatment of intussusceptions possible in extremely high percentage.