Medicinski pregled
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is estimated to become the fifth leading cause of death worldwide by 2020. The mortality and morbidity from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is getting higher and higher as a result of the epidemics in tobacco consumption all over the world, especially in developing countries. The study objectives were to determine the correlation between the smoking habits and mortality in the patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases, to evaluate the two-year and five-year survival depending on the smoking habits, to compare and correlate the smoking habits and a decrease in the lung function. ⋯ According to this study, the progression to the end stage of this disease is faster in smokers suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than in the non-smokers and the former smokers who suffer from this disease.
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Stroke is the most frequent neurological disorder, and the most common cause of severe disability compared to other diseases. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is the only approved specific therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Hemorrhage is a significant complication of thrombolytic treatment. ⋯ The death rate related to hemorrhage after thrombolysis was 3%. The frequency of hemorrhagic events (hemorrhagic infarctions type 1 and 2, parenchymal hematomas type 1 and 2) was 16%. The study results have shown that the intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapy is safe.
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Application of blood and blood components throughout decades is very successful and mostly safe procedure in patients' therapy. However, it may lead to unfavourable effects, such as transfusion reactions. ⋯ To improve and make blood transfusion safer it is necessary to respect all pre-transfusion procedures, constant follow up of blood transfusion must be done and patients with diagnosed non-haemolytic transfusion reaction should be given leukocyte reduced blood components.
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Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions are transmitted through the middle ear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dynamic properties of the transmission system on the measurability of transient otoacoustic emissions. ⋯ The results obtained in this research show the predominant absence of transient otoacoustic emissions in patients with type B tympanogram (69.1%) especially if the effusion is mucoid (77.5%) with the hearing loss of 15 decibel hearing level. This research shows that disorders in dynamic characteristics of the middle ear in patients with serous otitis obstruct the transmission of acoustic energy and affect the measurability of transient otoacoustic emissions, especially if the effusion is mucoid and hearing loss of 15 decibel hearing level.