Southern medical journal
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Southern medical journal · Feb 2015
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyRegional variation in HIV clinical trials participation in the United States.
To ensure generalizability of clinical research results, it is important to enroll a heterogeneous population that is representative of the target clinical population. Earlier studies have found regional variation in participation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinical trials, with the lowest rates seen in the southern United States. Rates of new HIV diagnoses are highest in the South, highlighting the need for in-depth understanding of disparities in clinical trial participation. We evaluated whether regional variation in study participation remains, and describe factors that facilitate or prevent HIV clinical trial participation by region. ⋯ Significant regional variations in knowledge of and participation in HIV clinical trials exist. Our results suggest that increasing awareness and understanding of research studies, particularly among African Americans in the South, may facilitate HIV clinical trial participation that is more representative of the HIV-infected population across the United States.
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Southern medical journal · Feb 2015
ReviewSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: the new option for diabetes mellitus management.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to be a challenging disease to manage successfully. Beyond the first-line option metformin, there are a number of classes of medications from which to select. This article reviews the new sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors canagliflozin and dapagliflozin, including their benefits, adverse effects, and potential place in therapy. ⋯ These medications also have been shown to reduce A1c when used with insulin. Some adverse effects were noted when using canagliflozin and dapagliflozin, with the most frequent being urinary tract infections and genital mycotic infections. We review the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and their potential roles in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Southern medical journal · Feb 2015
ReviewUse of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors such as canagliflozin and dapagliflozin have been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A PubMed search was conducted of the literature from April 1996 to August 2014 to identify all human studies related to SGLT2 inhibitors. ⋯ SGLT2 inhibitors may be used as an add-on therapy in select and relatively healthy older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are overweight and have uncontrolled hypertension. These medications should be avoided in patients who are frail, who have chronic kidney disease, and in conjunction with insulin or sulfonylureas.