Nihon Geka Gakkai zasshi
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Nihon Geka Gakkai zasshi · Dec 2005
[Fluid management and care for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in patients with extensive burns].
Burn shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) are the main causes of death in patients with extensive burns, and thus fluid management and care for MODS are crucial in the treatment of these patients. Several fluid formulas have been developed, although there is still controversy over the best formula. The important point is to understand how to deal with the different side effects inevitable with each fluid therapy: fluid restriction and/or diuretic administration in the refilling phase in fluid therapy with crystalloid, care for hypernatremia and/or a hyperosmolar state in fluid therapy with hypertonic lactated solution (HLS), etc. ⋯ MODS in extensively burned patients is attributed to overwhelming burn stress and complicated sepsis, including bacterial translocation (BT). A dysfunctioning organ impairs another organ (organ interrelationships), and therefore substitution and/or recovery of a dysfunctioning organ are crucial. Debridement of skin with third-degree burns, suppression of BT, sanitary airway management, avoidance of unnecessary stress, and mediator modulation to stop the mediator cascade inducing MODS are also crucial.
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Nihon Geka Gakkai zasshi · Dec 2005
Review[Smoke inhalation injury: diagnosis and respiratory management].
Smoke inhalation is a significant comorbid factor following major thermal injury. Smoke exposure is only a trigger for the sequence of events responsible for the development of inhalation injury. Noxious chemicals generated by incomplete combustion injure the exposed bronchoepithelium and stimulate the release of chemical mediators that cause a progressive inflammatory process. ⋯ At present, the diagnosis of inhalation injury is supported by the combination of history, physical examination, bronchoscopy, and laboratory findings For accurate diagnosis of inhalation injury, helical CT scanning and examination to detect activated leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid may be warranted. In the respiratory management of inhalation injury, repeated removal of pseudomembrane by fiberoptic bronchoscopy and the use of adequate PEEP to avoid airway obstruction are essential. High-frequency percussive ventilation can be a suitable mode of ventilation for inhalation injury.
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Nihon Geka Gakkai zasshi · Dec 2005
Review[Experience of immediate burn wound excision and grafting for patients with extensive burns].
The treatment of the patients with extensive burns has advanced dramatically in the past 10 years, and the mortality rate has also been reduced. The establishment of the skin-bank network as well as the development of emergency and critical care medicine can be cited as reasons Moreover, immediate burn wound excision and grafting for patients with extensive burns may be beneficial. Meticulous management is required perioperatively to perform these procedures safely during burn shock. ⋯ We completed the surgery within 2 hours and excised burn wounds covering 40% of the total body surface area (TBSA). The mean age was 57 +/- 22 (mean +/- SD years), the mean burn surface area (% of TBSA) was 47 +/- 20, the mean burn index was 45 +/- 19, and the mean prognostic burn index was 94 +/- 36. There were 15 survivors and 11 deaths, for an overall mortality rate of 43%.