Professional nurse (London, England)
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Undetected fluid overload can cause serious complications, such as circulatory failure and/or cardiogenic shock. Rather than relying on a single test, a combination of procedures and observations should be used to identify the problem. Early intervention is vital to prevent distress, pain and long hospital stays.
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Having a sense of control despite experiencing chronic pain has a positive effect on patients' coping abilities. Investigating patients' perception of the control they have over pain may be possible by using a visual analogue scale.