Journal of the American Heart Association
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A simple new visualization of exercise data discloses pathophysiology and severity of heart failure.
The complexity of cardiopulmonary exercise testing data and their displays tends to make assessment of patients, including those with heart failure, time consuming. ⋯ [Formula: see text]-versus-[Formula: see text] measurements and displays, extractable from future or existing exercise data, separate the 3 groups (healthy subjects, patients with Class II heart failure, and patients with Class IV heart failure) well and confirm the dominant role of low cardiac output rather than excessive [Formula: see text] in heart failure pathophysiology. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1:e001883 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.112.001883.).