Ultrasound in medicine & biology
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Ultrasound Med Biol · Apr 2009
ReviewLow-intensity pulsed ultrasound for the treatment of bone delayed union or nonunion: a review.
The goal of this review is to present the most updated knowledge derived from basic science, animal studies and clinical trials, concerning biophysical stimulation of bone repair through low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), with particular reference to the management of delayed unions and nonunions. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound LIPUS has been proved to significantly stimulate and accelerate fresh fracture healing in animal studies and in randomized controlled clinical trials. ⋯ Outcomes depend on the site of nonunion, time elapsed from trauma, stability at the site of nonunion and host type. The detailed biophysical process by which low-intensity pulsed ultrasound LIPUS stimulates bone regeneration still remains unknown, even if various effects on bone cells in vitro and in vivo have been described.
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Ultrasound Med Biol · Apr 2009
The axial distribution of lesion-site atherosclerotic plaque components: an in vivo volumetric intravascular ultrasound radio-frequency analysis of lumen stenosis, necrotic core and vessel remodeling.
Radio-frequency intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) analysis characterizes atherosclerotic plaques into necrotic core (NC), dense calcium (DC), fibrofatty (FF) and fibrotic (FI) tissue. We studied axial plaque component distribution with respect to stenosis and remodeling. Preintervention virtual histology (VH) IVUS was performed in 81 pts (90 de novo lesions: 43 left anterior descending artery [LAD] and 47 right coronary artery [RCA]). ⋯ The remodeling index was larger at the MaxNC than MLA sites and correlated with the NC area both at the MLA (r(2) 0.068, p = 0.013) and at the MaxNC (r(2) 0.074, p = 0.009). In conclusion, grey-scale and VH-IVUS analysis showed that the MLA is rarely at the site of greatest instability (largest NC and remodeling) and necrotic core on VH is correlated with remodeling index. These in vivo findings are consistent with previously reported histopathologic data and have important implications for the detection and treatment of coronary artery disease.
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Ultrasound Med Biol · Apr 2009
Comparative StudyComparison of gray-scale contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with contrast-enhanced computed tomography in different grading of blunt hepatic and splenic trauma: an animal experiment.
To compare the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) for the detection of different grading of solid organ injuries in blunt abdominal trauma in animals. A self-made miniature tools were used as models to simulate a blunt hepatic or splenic trauma in 16 and 14 anesthetized dogs, respectively. Baseline ultrasound, CEUS and CECT were used to detect traumatic injuries of livers and spleens. ⋯ After Spearman rank correlation analysis, the agreement of CEUS with CECT on the degree of hepatic and splenic injury is 93.3% and 92.9%, respectively. CT is currently considered as the reference method for grading blunt abdominal trauma, according to experiment results, CEUS grading showed high levels of concordance with CECT. CEUS can accurately determine the degree of injury and will play an important role in clinical application.