Vestnik Rossiĭskoĭ akademii meditsinskikh nauk / Rossiĭskaia akademiia meditsinskikh nauk
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The review is devoted to a relatively young direction in therapy of malignant gliomas, which is based on applying monoclonal antibodies against tumour-associated antigens. The current data on efficacy of main therapeutic agents in clinical practice or clinical trials concerning high-grade gliomas, especially glioblastoma multiforme, is summarized. Of particular interest is bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), which is widely used in glioblastoma. ⋯ Significant part of the review is devoted to discussion of experimental and clinical data concerning efficacy of antibodies against VEGF receptor 2, platelet-derived growth factor receptor α, hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor c-Met. Unbiassed analysis of clinical trials on monoclonal antibodies does not allow us to conclude that passive immunotherapy directed against antigens listed above can significantly improve the overall survival of patients suffering from glioblastoma multiforme. This finding has encouraged us to mention several alternative approaches to passive immunotherapy and to list several prospective antigens for developing monoclonal antibodies.
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Vestn. Akad. Med. Nauk SSSR · Jan 2014
[Resuscitation of vital activity after cold arrest of respiration by physiological methods without rewarming the body].
The arrest of respiration during deep hypothermia means death, though at a low temperature the heart may rhythmically contract for 30-40 minutes more. The attempts of rewarming only shorten the time before the heart arrest. Calcium ions (Ca2+) are believed to accumulate in the nervous cells in cold. An excess of these ions inhibits the metabolism. Moreover it stimulates the cell proteases, which destroy the cell membranes. ⋯ A decrease in the surviving threshold by 1.5-1.8 degrees C is very important from the point of view of reanimation of an organism since to preserve life in the critical period of reanimation each 0.5 degrees C are important. Prolongation of minimal frequency of heart contractions and maintaining a minimal arterial blood pressure in an overcooled organism given the body temperature of 11-12.5 degrees C is a special problem of great interest associated with many physiological and biological parameters.
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Vestn. Akad. Med. Nauk SSSR · Jan 2014
[The problems of expertise of biomedical projects and assigning them status of breakthrough and world-class].
There was a sharp increase in the number of scientific fields, research fronts, publications and patents in biomedicine in the last five years, which complicates the work of the experts on the selection of projects for priority funding. The approaches to the identification of perspective directions of research used in the world were examined. An attempt was made of formalization of the concepts of "breakthrough research" and "world level research" in relation to the Russian biomedical projects. The rationale for information support of expert decision-making about the prospects of development of individual areas of research in biomedicine is outlined.
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Vestn. Akad. Med. Nauk SSSR · Jan 2014
[Evaluation of possibility of using new financial instruments for supporting biomedical projects].
Analysis of selection criteria on projects of Russian medical research centers for funding in Russian scientific fund and Federal program "Research and innovations" was done. It was noted that a high degree of uncertainty of such concepts as "priority direction", "applied" and "search" research and "industrial partner" in regards to research of biomedical theme. Analysis of classified "Medicine and health care" "Forecast of scientific-technological development of Russian Federation till 2030 year" were completed.