Veterinary and human toxicology
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Bittering agents: their potential application in reducing ingestions of engine coolants and windshield wash.
Ethylene glycol automobile engine coolants and methanol-based windshield washer liquids are toxic. Despite international attempts to improve the safety of these products through better labelling and packaging, accidental and intentional ingestions continue a source of poisonings worldwide. The rejection of bitter tasting substances forms part of the human defense against ingestion of harmful substances. ⋯ This study investigated the use of this bitter substance also as a deterrent against ingesting ethylene glycol and methanol. The palatability of ethylene glycol and methanol with and without the addition of DB was assessed using a human taste panel; 30 ppm DB rendered each product intolerable to the panel. The addition of DB to ethylene glycol engine coolants and methanol-based windshield washer liquids at low concentrations could afford protection against accidental ingestions.
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We studied the distribution and persistence of malathion and dichlorvos in the Wistar rat and established their toxicokinetics with the help of the PCNONLIN software program.