Veterinary and human toxicology
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Acute pesticide poisoning is a global health problem, especially in developing countries. Although Taiwan has quickly industrialized during the last several decades, pesticide use is still prevalent in the agricultural sector. We reviewed 187 consecutive hospitalized cases of the Provincial HsinChu Hospital from January 1989 through December 1995 to explore the determinants of acute pesticide poisoning in Metropolitan HsinChu. ⋯ Alcohol abuse, history of major medical illnesses, and history of suicide were significantly associated with suicidal poisoning; quarrel was the immediate risk factor. Causes of poisoning (suicide vs non-suicide) and selection of the pesticides were major determinants of lethality. More stringent legislation and enforcement regarding the sale and distribution of extremely toxic pesticides are needed to reduce fatalities due to acute pesticide poisoning.
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Case Reports
A case of severe hyperammonemia and unconsciousness following sodium valproate intoxication.
Although valproic acid has gradually gained its popularity in the treatment of various seizure disorders, overdose of valproate is not common. An 18-y-old man with a history of epilepsy controlled by sodium valproate and clonazepam attempted suicide with an ingestion of 45 g sodium valproate. He presented to our service with drowsiness and irritability. ⋯ However, impairment of liver function, hyperammonemia, fluid-electrolyte disturbances, coma, seizures, hypotension and even death may occur following valproate overdose. Symptomatic and supportive measures are the mainstay in the treatment of valproic acid overdose. With prompt diagnosis and early institution of treatment, a complete recovery should be anticipated.