Harefuah
-
The increased diagnoses of autism and developmental disorders in recent decades, together with the childhood vaccination program, has led to the hypothesis that vaccination in general, and the measles, mumps, and rubella virus live vaccine, and vaccines that contain mercury, in particular, cause autism. It has been hypothesized that intestinal infection caused by live virus vaccines change the permeability of the intestinal wall, and subsequently, the passage of peptides through the intestinal wall to the blood, and from there to the brain. It has been suggested that the accumulation of these peptides in the central nervous system causes autism. ⋯ Recent studies have refuted the theory that the consecutive administration of vaccines weakens the young immune system in children, and leads to an autoimmune process that causes autism. The etiology of autism is still unknown, with research continuing from different directions. The extensive research conducted so far indicates that childhood vaccination is not a cause of the sharp increase in autism diagnoses in recent decades.
-
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur in 3-5% of girls and 1% of boys. UTIs have been considered an important risk factor for the development of renal insufficiency, hypertension or end-stage renal disease. Hence, there is a need for early diagnosis and management of UTI to prevent renal scarring. The guidelines concerning the prophylactic treatment and the imaging studies have changed during the past year. It was believed that reflux predisposed to renal infection (pyelonephritis) by causing renal injury or scarring and that imaging studies in children with UTI were meant to identify anatomic abnormalities that predispose them to infection and renal scaring. Today, this concept is no longer prevalent and there is no recommendation to perform voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG] after every UTI. ⋯ There is a need to improve the doctors' explanation regarding the performance of VCUG test post UTI. This will improve the patients' compliance to perform their post discharge recommendation.