The Journal of infectious diseases
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Effect of an Early Dose of Measles Vaccine on Morbidity Between 18 Weeks and 9 Months of Age: A Randomized, Controlled Trial in Guinea-Bissau.
Children in Guinea-Bissau receive measles vaccine (MV) at 9 months of age, but studies have shown that an additional dose before 9 months of age might have beneficial nonspecific effects. Within a randomized trial designed to examine nonspecific effects of early MV receipt on mortality, we conducted a substudy to investigate the effect of early MV receipt on morbidity. ⋯ Early MV receipt was associated with reduced general morbidity in the following months, supporting that early MV receipt may improve the general health of children.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Interference Between Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Rhinovirus Infection in Infancy.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV) are the most common viruses associated with acute respiratory tract infections in infancy. Viral interference is important in understanding respiratory viral circulation and the impact of vaccines. ⋯ A negative association of RSV on HRV codetection was consistently observed across populations, seasons, disease severity, and geographical regions. Suppressing RSV infection by RSV immunoprophylaxis might increase the risk of having HRV infection.
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The transient development of perilesional edema (PE) around ≥1 calcification (defined as 1 episode) occurs in about 50% of the patients with recurrent seizures in calcified neurocysticercosis (NCC). We determined the long-term clinical and radiological course of persons undergoing PE episodes. ⋯ The number and timing of PE episodes in individuals with calcified NCC are variable and commonly chronic, sometimes recurring over decades. A minority of patients developed significant disability.
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The 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) (A[H1N1]pdm09) vaccine component has remained unchanged from 2009. We estimate the effectiveness of current and prior inactivated influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination from influenza seasons 2010-2011 to 2015-2016. ⋯ Current vaccination or several prior doses were needed for high protection. Despite the decreasing effect of repeated vaccination, current-season vaccination was not inferior to no current-season vaccination.
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The seasonality of influenza is thought to vary according to environmental factors and human behavior. During winter holidays, potential disease-causing contact and travel deviate from typical patterns. We aim to understand these changes on age-specific and spatial influenza transmission. ⋯ Winter holidays delay seasonal influenza epidemic peaks and shift disease risk toward adults because of changes in contact patterns. These findings may inform targeted influenza information and vaccination campaigns during holiday periods.