The Journal of infectious diseases
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Nonspecific T-cell hyperactivation is the main driving force for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 disease progression, but the reasons why the excess immune response is not properly shut off are poorly defined. ⋯ HIV-1 infection potentially impairs BTLA-mediated signaling dependent on pDC-derived IFN-α, which may contribute to broad T-cell hyperactivation induced by chronic HIV-1 infection.
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Adenovirus serotype 14 (Ad-14) recently emerged as a respiratory pathogen in the United States, with studies suggesting higher morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to determine whether Ad-14 is associated with clinical outcomes in otherwise healthy patients with pneumonia. ⋯ During an outbreak of Ad-14 infection, Ad-14 infection was not associated with excess overall morbidity or mortality. Ad-14 infection was associated with specific laboratory and clinical parameters and higher hospitalization rates in female trainees. These data provide new insight to the epidemiology of Ad-14 infection.
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Current evidence supporting the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in preventing hospitalizations in older adults is insufficient. ⋯ Overall, in this moderately well-vaccinated population of older adults, laboratory-confirmed influenza virus accounted for 9.3% (95% confidence interval, 6.6%-12.1%) of all respiratory hospitalizations during 3 influenza seasons, and influenza vaccination prevented 61.2% of such hospitalizations.
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Levels of preexisting antibodies to the hemagglutinin of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 (hereafter pandemic H1N1) virus positively correlate with age. The impact of contemporary seasonal influenza vaccines on establishing immunity to other pandemic H1N1 proteins is unknown. ⋯ Serum antibodies to pandemic H1N1 NA were observed in all age groups; however, vaccination elevated levels of pandemic H1N1 NA antibodies predominately in elderly individuals (age, ⩾60 years). Therefore, contemporary seasonal vaccines likely contribute to reduction of pandemic H1N1-associated disease in older individuals.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Accelerated hepatitis B vaccination schedule among drug users: a randomized controlled trial.
Hepatitis B vaccine provides a model for improving uptake and completion of multidose vaccinations in the drug-using community. ⋯ The accelerated vaccination schedule improves hepatitis B vaccination adherence among IDUs.