Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Nov 2001
Comparative Study[Dioxins in the environment and in the blood and breast milk of residents of the town of Chapayevsk].
Chapayevsk has a 30-year history of producing organochlorines, leading to environmental dioxin pollution. As much as 3 kg of these substances are annually formed at the plant. The concentrations of dioxins in the ambient air were found to be 0.001 to 1.13 pg/m3, in 1-TEF dioxin equivalent or 0.00001-1.76 pg/m3, as calculated by using WHO-TEF for dioxin-like compounds, those in the urban drinking water were 0.1 to 20.83 pg/liter, in the soil near the plant, 141 ng TEQ/kg, by decreasing to 37 ng/kg in the downtown (2-7 km from the plant) and 4 ng/kg at a distance of 7-10 km from the plant, their levels in the vegetables and fruits were 0.002 to 10.6 pg/kg. ⋯ The mean content of dioxins in the breast milk (7 pooled samples from 40 individual trials) was 43.3 pgTEQ/fat. It is significantly higher than that detected in the populations of other Russian territories and other countries. The mean blood concentrations of dioxins in peoples living near the plant was 75.2 pgTEQ/fat, those were lower (24.5 pgTEQ/fat) in those living at 5-7 km of the plant.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Nov 2001
Comparative Study[Study of higher schooling load effect on the health status of schoolchildren].
Higher schooling load, non-observance of school routine, inactivity, etc. have a negative impact on health. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of intensive training on the health status of schoolchildren. An intensive training college, a physico-mathematical school, a private school-gymnasia were chosen as objects of studies. ⋯ The examination ascertained that the schooling load at new-type schools was greater than the standards established. Before going to new-type schools, schoolchildren had a better health status than did the general educational school children of their age; during schooling, worse health was, however, more noticeable in new-type school children than in the matched schoolchildren. A higher schooling load also affects the performance of schoolchildren unfavorably.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Nov 2001
Comparative Study[Dioxins and medical-genetic indices of health of residents of the town of Chapayevsk].
The paper presents the results of an integrated medical genetic survey carried out in the town of Chapayevsk. The survey included an estimation of the incidence of congenital malformations (CMF), congenital morphogenetic options (CMGO), evaluation of the frequency of chromosomal mutations of various types and micronuclei in human somatic cells. ⋯ Cytogenetic findings unambiguously demonstrate that there was a spatial gradient within the town (from the plant to remote districts), higher rates of chromosomal aberrations. Further studies of the effects of dioxins on genetic health are required to assess the actual genetic risk due to its human contact.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Nov 2001
Comparative Study[Sociomedical aspects of reduction of risk in the development of occupational diseases and industrial trauma in railway transport].
The paper outlines the main constituents of occupational risk in railway workers, which are based on the sanitary and biomedical criteria of injury safety. Sociomedical aspects of the incidence of railway occupational diseases and injuries are discussed. A list of major occupational factors and causes that determine a high occupational risk in railway workers is given.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Nov 2001
Comparative Study[Better registration of occupational diseases among railway workers].
The paper provides a scientific rationale for that it is necessary to improve the existing state statistic records, such as [symbol: see text] No. 125/Y "Occupational Disease or Intoxication Recording Schedule". The document fails to obtain "accumulated" data on the incidence of occupational diseases (OD), changes in the health status and working ability, to make an analysis of relationships between the working conditions and the development of OD. The "Schedule" has been improved, which records data on a patient rather than a diagnosis. The schedule is a final recording document, a sectorial register of railway occupational diseases, and it is of departmental character.