Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2003
[Real problems of conducting social-hygienic monitoring on railroads].
Sociohygienic monitoring on the railway transport, which is a branch part of the state sociohygienic monitoring system, includes observation, analysis, assessment, and prediction of the health status and habitat of railway workers and population to be served, as well as the establishment of associations of the health status with environmental factors. Standard legal, scientific-and-methodological, and organizational bases have been set up for branch monitoring. The basic parameters and the procedure for interaction of branch and territorial entities have been defined.
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The paper presents data on the health status of a large professional group of transport building workers--those who build BAM railway tunnels and those who build Moscow and Saint Petersburg underground stations. Major factors that are associated with underground work and that form the level of morbidity with temporary disability are identified. Respiratory, osteomuscular, digestive diseases, accidents, intoxications, and injuries are predominant in the structure of temporary disability. Lines of better organization of therapeutical-and-prophylactic aid to this contingent are defined.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2003
[Hygienic evaluation of environmental effect on health status of residents of an industrial city under conditions of insurance medicine].
The chemical environmental pollution of industrial urban areas was comprehensively assessed. There was a correlation between some diseases and chemicals; some pollutants exert unidirectional adverse effects on human health. As a way of influencing the man-made load, the authors suggest that an increasing coefficient to the allocations to the health insurance fund should be introduced for the enterprises that cause the proven hazard to human health. The addressing approach to analyzing morbidity rates increases the validity of studies establishing the relationship of environmental factors to health indices.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2003
[Supply of iron and status of immunologic reactivity in older schoolchildren at various times of the year].
The content of iron in foods consumed by schoolchildren in winter was found to be much lower than the recommended one. In summer dietary iron consumption proved to be twice less than that in winter and 3 times less than the physiological allowance for this age. The indices of cellular and humoral immunity during a school year changed in diametrically opposite direction: increases in the count of T and B lymphocytes in winter and, especially, spring months were attended by a concurrent and significant reduction in the content of immunoglobulins G, M, and A. There was a significant rise in the indices of phagocytosis in winter as compared to autumn and their drastic reduction in spring as compared to winter.