Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2006
Comparative Study[The health status of the rural population living in the areas contiguous with industrial towns].
Exposed to environmental pollution with emissions from industrial enterprises, the population of their contiguous rural areas faces a high risk of their health. The studies of the health status of the population from the contiguous rural areas versus that from the non-contiguous ones have established that measurements of a risk to the children's health revealed the highest risk among the contiguous areas in the Sterlitamaksky district and the least risk among the non-contiguous ones in the Askinsky district. The markers of carcinogenic ill-being in the contiguous rural areas were the incidence of cancer of the lip, esophagus, stomach, larynx, cervix uteri, uterine appendages, and prostate and leukemia. The high risk of cancer of the lip and esophagus in the control area and in other non-contiguous rural areas may be accounted for by the bad life-style in villagers, alcohol abuse, and smoking.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2006
Review[Human health in the space rocket-making areas: medical and environmental aspects].
The paper deals with the problems of medical and ecological escorts of space rocket-making activities. The properties of one of the highly toxic components of propellant - asymmetric dimethylhydrazine as a substance assigned to a class of ecological toxicants, are considered. The data obtained on implementing the program for a study of the health status in the population living not far from the asymmetric dimethylhydrazine-polluted areas are presented. The authors propose to consider a package of measures that can apply the systems approach to securing the safety of the population to live and work in areas under space-rocket making activities, which is based on the prevention principle provided by the Rio de Janeiro Environment and Development Declaration.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2006
Comparative Study[Current problems of occupational morbidity on the railway transport].
The paper discusses the present working conditions on railway transport, by using the results of employee rating, characterizes railway services showing the greatest magnitude of adverse and dangerous factors of working conditions. It also characterizes occupational morbidity in railway transport workers over 5 years (1999-2003) and by hazards problems of occupational morbidity and by basic services: locomotive, wagon, and track ones. The paper also presents the rates of disability due to occupational diseases, characterizes the priorities of prevention of occupational diseases on the railway transport.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2006
Comparative Study[Hygienic assessment of textbooks for educational establishments of different types].
The role of hygienic parameters of prints in the development of fatigue and this or that abnormality in schoolchildren of today has been inadequately studied. Practically every three or two textbooks on the humanities, analyzed by the authors, show breaches of the orders of educational publishing products; they are much less significantly encountered in the textbooks on natural sciences and, in isolated instances, in those on mathematical sciences. Thus, due to the variations in their weight, the lettering of a body text, high component complexity and abstractedness, the textbooks are a risk factor for visual, nervous, and musculoskeletal diseases among pupils of educational establishments, particularly those of the innovation type. The problems associated of the present-day textbook are of no hygienic order, although they may exert a considerable impact on pupils' efficiency.