Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2006
[Hygienic evaluation of the risk of man-made environmental influences on human health].
In Ufa, the largest industrial center of oil-refining industry, petrochemistry, and chemistry, a long-term exposure to chemical compounds has resulted in a high chemical load on the body. A previous exposure to high doses and concentrations of a complex of pollutants caused a reduction in the total resistance of the entire population on the territory of the city. The higher mortality rates, including those due to cancer, undoubtedly reflects both the exposure to delayed effects of a complex of chemical compounds, the total level of which exceeded the hygienic standards, and the combined effects of a whole complex of pollutants over 25-30 years. Therefore, on assessing the risks of technogenic action on the health status of the population of a city with the traditionally petrochemical and chemical profile under the conditions of complex pollution, it is necessary to take into account the priority regional features: the delayed presentation of adverse environmental exposures.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2006
[Classification of hazards of industrial enterprises on a new methodological basis].
Based on the analysis of data on the volume of emission from 163 enterprises, a classification of industrial projects that are the sources of ambient air pollution has been developed, which includes: an estimate of the degree of hazard (5 classes) from enterprises by the total volume of emission irrespective industrial affiliation and the kind of activities; the relative index (RI) of hazard from an enterprise, which considers the volume of emission and the degree of toxicity of each pollutant (the RI specifies the class of an enterprise); the possible sizes of sanitary-hygiene zones in relation to the total volume of emission (tons per year). Testing the developed classification, by using 64 enterprises and various projects as an example has shown the expedisanitary-hygiene zones of an enterprise and projects of any branches of industry or the kind of activities, which are ambient air pollution sources.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2006
[Assessment of the sociomedical and economic damage associated with man-made ambient air pollution].
The socioeconomic significance of prediction of a trend in ambient air pollution and morbidity is mainly associated with the necessity of forecasting the rate of compensation for damage to the health status of persons exposed to adverse exposures. In the industrial centers of Eastern Siberia, the health risk associated with atmospheric pollutants that have systemic toxic and irritant effects is estimated in 730 additional cases of respiratory diseases per 1,000 children a year. Medium-term forecasting of morbidity rates in the children from the town of Shelekhov, by using mathematical models, permitted estimation of society's possible health care costs. The numerical experiments made on the basis of a dynamic model has indicated that a 13% increase in the attributive risk and financial losses of dollar 3.1 million a year can be expected from the introduction of a complex of measures by the Federal special program on which about dollar 8 million are annually spent.