Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2007
[Biomonitoring of formaldehyde in the urinary samples from the pediatric population in the Irkutsk Region].
Formaldehyde is one of the major pollutants of both ambient and indoors air. Thus, by comparing the concentrations of formaldehyde in ambient air (on study days) and in the air of classes and living rooms, the study has demonstrated that they may be 13.5 and 10.5 times greater than the normal values in the classes and living rooms, respectively. Biomonitoring of formaldehyde in the urinary samples from the pediatric population of the Irkutsk Region as an indicator of its chemical action has revealed the higher average group concentration of the substance in the urinary samples from urban children than that in rural ones (235 children from 6 inhabited localities). A significant correlation has been also found between the levels of formaldehyde in the urine of children (aged 5-10 years) and its concentration in the air of living rooms in the town of Shelekhov.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2007
[Sanitary and epidemiological well-being in children and adolescents: state-of-the-art and ways of solving the problem].
In the children and adolescents of the Russian Federation, there is an increase in the incidence of a number of nosological entities, a significant prevalence of chronic diseases, and a reduction in health quality in children. According to the statistical data, in the past 5 years, the overall incidence has increased by 16% in children (aged 0-14 years) (171268 per 100,000 children in 2005) by 18% in adolescents. The incidence of diseases of blood and blood-forming organs, anemias, as well diseases of the respiratory, urogenital, and nervous systems, and congenital anomalies continues to increase. ⋯ Of particular importance is the implementation of the Priority National Health Project involving additional immunization of the population and primarily children against viral hepatitis B (VHB), rubella, influenza, and poliomyelitis. This year, 4.1 billion rubles has been allocated within the framework of the priority national project for the purchase of vaccines to immunize 10 million children and adolescents against VHB, 5 million children against rubella, 150 thousand children against poliomyelitis with inactivated vaccine, 22 million individuals, including children going to preschool facilities and lst-4th-form pupils, against influenza. The guidelines for action aimed at providing the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, may include as follows: to further improve the normative and methodical bases; to complete the development of the draft "The Principles in the Policy of State in the Healthy Nutrition of the Russian Federation' Population for 2007-2010", "National Program for the Prevention of Adverse Health Influence of Environmental Factors for the Sake of the Future of Children and Adolescents for 2007-2010" and submit them to the Government of the Russian Federation for approval; to introduce preventive educational programs into the general educational establishments in order to mould in children and adolescents healthy lifestyle habits, a conscientious attitude towards to the health of theirs' and those around them.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2007
[The prevalence and pattern of locomotor disorders in senior pupils].
The study deals with the analysis of the prevalence of disorders of the locomotor apparatus (LMA) in senior schoolchildren from 9th-to-11th-forms of various general educational establishments, such as a secondary general educational school, a technical lyceum (general educational and specialized classes), and a physical engineering school. The academic load, educational conditions, and teaching methods in each establishment differed and conformed to the implemented school-based educational program. Sixty hundred and eighteen senior schoolchildren were examined. ⋯ The higher prevalence of LMA disorders in the pupils from the general educational classes of the technical lyceum (8.6- and 3-fold in boys and girls, respectively) is indicative of the leading influence of a social factor on the development of scoliotic deformity. The impact of increased academic loads on the MDA is also suggested by the difference in the incidence of MDA disorders among the pupils of general educational and specialized classes of the technical lyceum. Emphasis is laid on the need for taking into account the findings to substantiate comprehensive preventive programs and health-improving measures in the educational establishments.
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Different variants of teaching organization at high school have been studied on the basis of a comparative analysis. The 10th-form pupils of specialized classes have been established to have a lower level of mental performance than those of the same age from general educational classes. ⋯ The study of different models of specialized education organization has revealed that a multispecialized model that can individualize an academic process to a greater extent is hygienically most favorable. Recommendations have been developed for the hygienic optimization of an academic process at high school.