Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2007
[Use of morphofunctional and cytogenetic studies to analyze the influence of environmental factors].
Long-term studies of 2 (cytohistology and genetic monitoring) laboratories of the Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, to investigate the influence of environmental factors in the experiments made it possible to develop a noninvasive procedure for evaluating their cytological and cytogenetic impacts on man. A concurrent study of morphofunctional (histological, cytological) and cytogenetic parameters in both experimental and field trials can substantially extend and refine the interpretation of responses to environmental factors, which generates a need for using these parameters in hygienic and epidemiological studies.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2007
Review[Topical problems of the comprehensive hygienic characterization of urban environmental factors and their influence on the population's health].
The authors consider the topical problems of the influence of urban environmental factors (the quality of drinking water, the pollution of the ambient and dwelling airs and soil) on the health of residents in the urbanized areas. They show it necessary to apply a comprehensive approach to studying and analyzing the influence of a large number of interrelated factors on the population's health and its vulnerable subgroups, by employing the current sensitive biomedical studies, as well as to develop and introduce noninvasive techniques for the early diagnosis of environment-induced diseases.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2007
Review[Current problems in the assessment of health risks and damages from the influence of environmental factors].
In the past decade, a great number of risk assessment projects have been implemented; experience in using the risk-assessing methodology in sociohygienic monitoring, in the hygienic evaluation of a possible impact of new or rebuilt plants on human health, and in the estimation of natural and cost damages from the influence of environmental factors has been gained. Along with the legal aspects of using the risk-assessing methodology, there is a diversity of urgent and unsolved problems: a discrepancy between the hygienic standards and the risk-assessing criteria established in our country, recommended by international organizations, or used in the leading countries of the world; evaluation of exposures; availability of data on exposures in both individual regions and Russia as whole; development of methods for the assessment of damages and for the comparative assessment of risks, including such indices and their value terms as lost life years and life years with consideration of the severity of abnormalities.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2007
[Child's adaptation as an indicator of poor environmental influences].
The body's adjustment changes under the influence of environmental risk factors whose long-term exposure further results in the development of prenosological and morbid disorders. These processes occur most promptly in children. The influence of risk factors, including those caused by the productive activity of the Kotlas industrial CBK complex on a child's adaptation, was studied. The specific features revealed in the physical development, baseline autonomic tone, and psychophysiological adaptation of the first and tenth-form schoolchildren under study suggest that the mechanisms responsible for adjustment are strained under the influence of environmental risk factors and differ in nature, structure, and intensity in the exposure and comparison groups.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2007
[Analyzing the population's health risks from the influence of environmental factors of various nature in vicinity of the Siberian chemical complex].
The paper provides the results of calculating the risks to human health in the cities of Seversk and Tomsk. The cancer risk from man-caused radiation is 2 orders of magnitude lower than that from air pollution with chemical carcinogens. Air contamination of classical chemical pollutants presents a major hazard to human health.