Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Nov 2008
[Prediction of acute inhalational effects in the assessment of a risk to human health].
The paper deals with a problem in choosing the criteria for a risk of acute inhalational exposures. It analyzes Russian, foreign, and international criteria for ambient air quality, by using the most authoritative sources (Agency of Toxic Compounds and Diseases Registration; Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment of US Environmental Protection Agency, etc.). ⋯ The issues of prediction of the regulated indices of evaluation of varying toxic effects on the population's health are considered. Valid models have been developed to predict the reference concentrations upon acute inhalational exposure to chemical substances, which allow the uncertainty in the assessment of the risk caused by acute exposure to ambient air pollutions to be reduced.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Nov 2008
[Biological markers of interenvironmental distribution of trace elements in the environmental objects].
Priority trace elements were identified in the environmental objects, such as drinking water, atmosphere of residential areas (by their levels in the snow cover), soil, and foodstuffs. The identification of trace elements in the environmental objects revealed various total loads and distribution of trace elements in the study environments of urban and rural areas, which might be largely determined by the degree of interenvironmental transition and the routes of their migration. ⋯ Examination of the trace element status of children's hairs and its comparison with the content of trace elements in the environmental objects allowed an association to be determined between the qualitative and quantitative trace element composition of portable water, soil, snow cover, foodstuffs, and the body's biological media. Summing up the findings leads to a conclusion about the origin of trace element pollutions and the possible routes of their entry into the body and allows consideration of the trace elements Zn, Mn, and Ni as markers of biological exposure of the environment while making a sociohygienic monitoring and assessing the risk to human health.
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The paper provides data on the assessment of a carcinogenic risk to the population of Bratsk, a large industrial center. Long-term ambient air pollution with 3,4-benz(a)pyrene, formaldehyde, chromium, and other impurities causes the inadmissible level of a risk that has some differences for dwellers in some districts of the town. Clinical and immunological studies of an apparently healthy population revealed the tension of defensive immune mechanisms in the residents who were more exposed to pollution. Comparison of the level of breast cancer oncomarkers, neurospecific enolase in the sera of populations in the differently carcinogenic areas enables the level of man-made exposure to be considered as a significant risk factor.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Nov 2008
[The plenary session "Methodological Problems in the Study and Assessment of Bio- and Nanotechnologies (Nanowaves, Particles, Structures, Processes, Bioobjects) in Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene" of the Research Council on Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, and the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation].