Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2008
[Determinants of morbidity in the areas situated along the Techa and Iset Rivers].
Due to the massive pollution of the Techa-Iset river system with the radioactive sewage of the Mayak industrial association in the 1950s, the factors responsible for the incidence of diseases were studied in 5 districts of the Kurgan Region along the territory of which rivers flow. There is a direct relationship of children's morbidity to ambient air pollution. ⋯ There is an inverse correlation of morbidity with the provision with therapists and with the economic indices of districts. The prevalence of some types of diseases, such as those of the endocrine and respiratory systems, ulcer disease correlates with the ranking position of a district in the level of pollution in the Techa and Iset Rivers.
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Experience in solving specific problems in sociohygienic monitoring shows that among risk factors, health losses are most commonly considered from the man-caused environmental load on the population, by employing statistical modeling methods and reports on monitoring socioeconomic risk factors are evidently insufficient. A cause-effect relation in the habitat-population health system should be revealed, by taking into account the combined multienvironmental influence of man-caused (chemical, physical) and social factors. For solution of the problems put in work, multivariate analysis was used to reveal the common mechanisms of an association of socioeconomic conditions, national composition, morbidity and disability rates, migration processes, and demographic structure with birth and mortality rates in villagers in the context of economic areas and municipal entities.
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The patterns of growth and development were revealed in preschool children from Chukotka, which were characterized by ontogenetic heterochronism, sex dimorphism, and differences in the values of skeleton massiveness, body build, and body component contents, depending on age, gender, and ethnicity. The pattern of increments in height and weight was defined, which was optimal in aborigines and poor in newcomers. Variations in body weight was 2-3 times greater than that in height; bone components were observed to be more in boys than in girls independent of age and ethnicity.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2008
[Hygienic assessment of biological reservoir pollution in Eastern Siberia and the North].
The paper presents the characteristics of microbial communities in the water reservoirs of Eastern Siberia and North and their changes depending on the anthropogenic pollution and analyzes antibiotic resistance in microorganisms. The water contamination with pathogenic viruses was revealed in relation to the man-made load, which may be a criterion for assessing the epidemiological situation on the territories.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2008
[Methodology of comprehensive evaluation of the population's health during sociohygienic monitoring].
The authors propose the system for evaluating health indices in the population of our country's region, which comprises groups of specific characteristics: demographic; environmental; environment-induced; overall morbidity (including socially induced); and socioeconomic. It has shown that the methods for analyzing a complex of the population's health indices should be aimed at having estimates of the efficiency of solution of practical problems in the maintenance of the population's health at a respective regional level. For their realization, an information analytical system of appropriate use should be developed; moreover, the results of processing the data with its use should be submitted for further analysis at the federal level.