Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2010
Comparative Study[Health status assessment of the population living in vicinity of carrier rocket fall areas].
One hundred and eighteen subjects living at various distances from the carrier rocket fall places underwent cytomorphological studies of the upper airways (rhinocytogram) and buccal epithelium. The findings indicate that the dwellers of the settlements of Ulytausky District have chronic hypertrophic rhinitis since the nasal mucosa and the buccal epithelium are the first and most important biological barrier on the way of adverse and technogenic factors to come into the organism. Technogenic pollutants have cumulative activities, causing granulated mast cells to accumulate; then they actively secrete biologically active substances, by impairing the epithelial responsiveness in both the upper airways and the buccal epithelium.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2010
Review[Strategic approaches to risk management to reduce human vulnerability due to water factor changes].
The current globalization tendencies give rise to serious human health risks associated with the problems in providing the safety of water resources, with their intense microbiological contamination due to sewage disposal, with the loss of capacity of water ecosystems for self-repair. To guarantee access to safe drinking water and basic sanitary services is considered to be one of the most priority tasks of the international community, which are embodied in the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development approved by the United Nations Organization.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2010
Comparative Study[Reduction of a risk of the deleterious effects of persistent toxic substances on the health of the far north population].
The paper presents the general principles and procedure of the development and implementation of measures to decrease and prevent environmental pollution with persistent toxic substances (PTS) in the Russian Arctic and, accordingly, to reduce a risk of the deleterious effects of PTS on human health. Based on the results of a study of PTS in the Russian Arctic (from the Kola Peninsula to Chukotka), the authors first systematized the basic lines and actions and formulated specific measures to reduce the North population's exposure to PTSs, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, organic chlorine pesticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, hexachlorocyclohexane, hexachlorobenzene, etc.), and heavy metals (mercury, lead, cadmium). A package of measures is aimed at maximally reducing the presence of PTS-containing objects and materials in the north (via detection, collection, and extermination), at neutralizing the soils in settlement lands, at setting up safe water consumption systems, at organizing effective control over the safe use of chemicals and the levels of PTS in raw food materials and foodstuffs, and at working out recommendations on safe procedures for food purchase, storage, and cooking.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2010
Comparative Study[Ways of urban sanitary and epidemiological well-being management].
The scientific rationale for preventive measures based on sanitary-and-epidemiological surveillance on environmental objects is considered. The sizes of functional zones and space for various types of communal services and amenities and leisure are regulated to ensure good urban vital activities. Multistorey housing causes an increase in the number of negative factors per area units and in their impact on health. ⋯ The general layout may use statistical observation parameters characterizing the second level of occurrence of negative phenomena. The statistical observation parameters characterizing the third and fourth levels of occurrence of negative phenomena may be used for municipal improvements and sanitary maintenance. These characterizing the fourth and fifth level may be used for prevention in therapeutic-and-prophylactic institutions.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2010
Comparative Study[Hygienic assessment of ambient air pollution in the tobacco plant and highway areas].
The study deals with the hygienic assessment of ambient air pollution in the tobacco plant and highway areas. Due to the fact that the emissions of both sources contain the same substances having odor, it is very difficult to define the role of each source in ambient air pollution. ⋯ Analysis showed that after industry modernization, the role of a plant in ambient air pollution reduced as the concentrations of tobacco dust, a specific pollutant characteristic only of the enterprise, became lower to the levels below the calculated ones. The concentrations of the pollutants that were common to each source of pollution were decreased, but insignificantly, and exceeded the calculations of dispersion, which suggests the prevailing role of motor transport in ambient air pollution of this area.