Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Historical Article[History of the foundation and activities of the Research Institute for the Hygiene and Health Care of Children and Adolescents, Research Center of Children's Health].
The paper presents data on the history of foundation of the Research Institute for the Hygiene and Health Care of Children and Adolescents. The Institute is reported to have established to study the influence of factors of the vital activity environment and the health status and capability of children and adolescents, and the development, on this basis, of measures aimed at maintaining and promoting the health status of the rising generation. The Institute is the only research establishment of this profile in the Russian Federation, the leading scientific institution on this problem. ⋯ The Institute took part in the development of hygienic standards, a new basic school-based educational program, and the Law on State Educational Standard. Research developments obtained from the Institute's multidimensional studies are outlined. The specialists of the Institute are actively involved in the activity of international medical associations.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Comparative Study[Implication of behavioral risk factors in the development of abnormalities in junior school children].
Comprehensive medical examinations of 406 junior schoolchildren from 4 Moscow general educational schools during education and an investigation of the spread of poor factors caused by lifestyle and their influence on the functional status, autonomic homeostasis, and adaptive capacities of schoolchildren have established behavioral risk factors for abnormalities at junior school age. Multivariate analytical methods (137 variables) could ascertain the priority and behavioral risk factors in the formation of functional abnormalities in children during primary schooling: an increase in the incidence of abnormalities of the cardiovascular system by 3.5 times, the eye and its appendicular apparatus by 3.5 times, the musculoskeletal system by 4.2 times, and the nervous system by 4.8 times.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Comparative Study[First-form children's health status and mental development].
The task of the study was to comparatively analyze neuropsychic features in first-form children at the end of the first school year depending on the results of a medical examination and the opinions as to the appropriateness of each child's entering a school. The cognitive functions, psychomotor system, functional visual analyzer lability, that reflected nervous system fatigue in a schoolchild, and psychosocial adaptation measures were studied. ⋯ However, they showed decreased functional lability of the visual analyzer, difficulties in taking and carrying out rapid decisions, and lowered psychosocial adaptability. The specific features of mental development of first-form children with poor health set them under special conditions of an educational process, which are not conductive to better health.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jan 2009
Comparative Study[Sanitary and microbiological evaluation of the hydrosystem in the Volga river estuary upon anthropogenic pollution].
The paper gives many years' data on the size of the opportunistic and sanitary-significant microflora of pike perches (Stizostedion) and water in the producer's food fish areas of the Volga river estuary, as well as the results of ecological and microbiological studies of the water from the above areas, which include the determination of the total amount of the bacterial plankton on membrane filters, the number of heterotrophic bacteria, which has provided an assessment of the habitat quality of hydrocoles in accordance with the complex ecological classification of the quality of the land's surface water. The paper analyzes the seasonal abundance and spatial distribution of the most common opportunistic microorganisms, as well as the markers of their pathogenicity.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jan 2009
[Assessment of a risk from exposure to atmosphere bus industrial emissions].
The carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks to health were estimated in accordance with the requirements stated in the guide P 2.1.10.1920-04 "Guidelines for assessing the health risk in the population exposed to the chemicals polluting the environment" (approved by G. G. ⋯ The individual carcinogenic risk to health has been found to be higher than the acceptable (safe) level (10-4) was due to the probable exposure to a 2-heptane fraction (nefras ChS 94/99) and hexavalent chromium. The highest non-carcinogenic risk to human was also due to the heptane fraction (nefras ChS 94/99) (hazard coefficient > 1).