Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Multicenter Study Comparative Study[Hygienic assessment of organization of an educational process in the general education establishments of a large town].
The mental health status of a rising generation is a necessary condition for acquiring professional knowledge and work skills and socializing the personality. In the opinion of many investigators, schoolchildren's mental health maintenance depends on the correct organization of a teaching process and on the observance of the hygienic academic work standards to a large measure. ⋯ Mental dysadaptation is more evident in gymnasium pupils than that in lyceum ones. The evaluation of the impact of an academic load at the examined schools on the development of mental dysadaptation in the pupils has confirmed that there is a direct correlation with their emotional status in terms of the rates of anxiety and depression, suggesting that an academic load plays a key role in the development of mental dysadaptation in pupils and that there is a need for searching for the most effective and acceptable mechanisms of its optimization in order to prevent mental dysadaptation in schoolchildren.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Review[Hygienic evaluation of the provision of the population of the Russian Federation with drinking water and measures for its improvements].
In accordance with the sanitary-and-epidemiological requirements, drinking water should be epidemiologically, radiationally, and chemically safe and have good organoleptic properties. In 2007 versus 2006, the situation associated with the state of both underground and surface sources of centralized drinking water supply and the quality of water in the areas of hydraulic works substantially unchanged and continues to remain poor. In 2007, the proportion of water pipes from the underground sources unconformable to the sanitary regulations and standards was 20%, including those due to the absence of sanitary control areas (13.1%), the required complex of waste disposal plants (6.1%), or sterilizing units (2.6%). ⋯ In 2007 in the Russian Federation, 17.5 and 5.8% of water samples from the water-supply network were unconformable to the hygienic requirements in sanitary-and-chemical and microbiological parameters, respectively. As for rural water supply, in 2007 in the Russian Federation, rural areas exploited 59,362 water pipes, i.e. 82.5% of the water pipers in Russia as a whole. The proportion of water pipes in the rural areas, which were unconformable to the sanitary regulations and standards, was 21.2% in 2007, including those due to the absence of sanitary control areas (13.7%), a required complex of waste disposal plants (6.8%), or sterilizing units (3.3%).
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Comparative Study[Morbidity and problems in medical provision of vocational school pupils].
The medical provision system for vocational college (VC) pupils was apparently destroyed at the turn of the 20th century, causing their health to become worse. In the past 10-12 years, there has been an appreciable increase in the rates of functional impairments and chronic diseases. Cases of profession-related diseases have been revealed in some VCs. Examination of the negative impact of vocational work-related and psychological factors on adolescents' health could substantiate general and differential recommendations to optimize a training process, to prevent diseases, and to improve the health status of pupils from VCs of different profile.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Review[Hygienic requirements for work organization of full-day schools].
Physiological and hygienic studies under the conditions of a natural hygienic experiment were conducted to examine different variants of the organization of work of new types of general educational establishments--full-day schools. Over 580 pupils from 5 full-day schools were followed up. ⋯ Of vital importance for maintenance of mental performance, good emotional and psychosomatic states are the organization of the intraschool environment, including a school plot, as well as the conditions for realization of additional education, motor activity of children, and recess. Health keeping in pupils from full-day schools is favored by the reduction in the duration of lessons to 35 minutes and day sleep for first-form children, the decrease in the number of pupils in a class, outdoor physical exercises in the middle of a school day (a primary school) and strolls after lessons, three meals a day, balanced additional education, medicopsychological accompaniment, optimization of studies and rest in children during a school year.
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The paper analyzes morbidity among Moscow schoolchildren in the past 50 years on the basis of the results of in-depth studies of pupils by the researchers of the Research Institute for the Hygiene and Health Care of Children and Adolescents. There is a significant reduction in the number of absolutely healthy children, the proportion of which is 2-4%. ⋯ The morbidity structure has changed in the past 50 years. Both biomedical and psychosocial factors are responsible for changes in the morbidity levels and structure of children and adolescents.