Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jan 2009
Comparative Study[Complex effect of lead on various routes of human entrance in the Far North].
The results of the performed comprehensive study have allowed the authors to give a hygienic assessment of the risk from environmental lead pollution in the Yamal-Nenetsk Autonomous District. By taking into account the regional features in their studies, the authors revealed certain regularities in the formation of environmental lead pollution where, along with a tendency for ambient air pollution to rise, there was a conjugated impact on the quality of portable water on the increase of a complex environmental load. ⋯ To minimize the risk of environmental lead pollution to human health, the regional lead standards has been scientifically founded and recommended for the inhabited localities of the Yamal region, by keeping in mind its combined impact on the organism. When all environmental objects are polluted, human health safety may be, on lead's coming into the body via various routes and modes, afforded if the level of the metal in ambient air of 0.0002 mg/m3 and with that in the drinking water of 0.01 mg/l.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jan 2009
Comparative Study[Assessment of a risk from environmental factors to human health].
Analysis of the findings has shown that the estimation of the sensitization requires the use of a battery of tests, by taking into consideration both the persons having positive tests and the number of positive tests of the used ones. It is necessary to note that the estimation of the specific sensitization to hexavalent chromium has indicated the higher levels of parameters and percent of positive tests among the children living in the area adjacent to the industrial zone with a further decrease as the major sources of pollution is farther. It should be noted that the chromium sensitization is 10% even in the most distant areas.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Nov 2008
[Prediction of acute inhalational effects in the assessment of a risk to human health].
The paper deals with a problem in choosing the criteria for a risk of acute inhalational exposures. It analyzes Russian, foreign, and international criteria for ambient air quality, by using the most authoritative sources (Agency of Toxic Compounds and Diseases Registration; Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment of US Environmental Protection Agency, etc.). ⋯ The issues of prediction of the regulated indices of evaluation of varying toxic effects on the population's health are considered. Valid models have been developed to predict the reference concentrations upon acute inhalational exposure to chemical substances, which allow the uncertainty in the assessment of the risk caused by acute exposure to ambient air pollutions to be reduced.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Nov 2008
[Biological markers of interenvironmental distribution of trace elements in the environmental objects].
Priority trace elements were identified in the environmental objects, such as drinking water, atmosphere of residential areas (by their levels in the snow cover), soil, and foodstuffs. The identification of trace elements in the environmental objects revealed various total loads and distribution of trace elements in the study environments of urban and rural areas, which might be largely determined by the degree of interenvironmental transition and the routes of their migration. ⋯ Examination of the trace element status of children's hairs and its comparison with the content of trace elements in the environmental objects allowed an association to be determined between the qualitative and quantitative trace element composition of portable water, soil, snow cover, foodstuffs, and the body's biological media. Summing up the findings leads to a conclusion about the origin of trace element pollutions and the possible routes of their entry into the body and allows consideration of the trace elements Zn, Mn, and Ni as markers of biological exposure of the environment while making a sociohygienic monitoring and assessing the risk to human health.
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The paper provides data on the assessment of a carcinogenic risk to the population of Bratsk, a large industrial center. Long-term ambient air pollution with 3,4-benz(a)pyrene, formaldehyde, chromium, and other impurities causes the inadmissible level of a risk that has some differences for dwellers in some districts of the town. Clinical and immunological studies of an apparently healthy population revealed the tension of defensive immune mechanisms in the residents who were more exposed to pollution. Comparison of the level of breast cancer oncomarkers, neurospecific enolase in the sera of populations in the differently carcinogenic areas enables the level of man-made exposure to be considered as a significant risk factor.