Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Nov 2008
[The plenary session "Methodological Problems in the Study and Assessment of Bio- and Nanotechnologies (Nanowaves, Particles, Structures, Processes, Bioobjects) in Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene" of the Research Council on Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, and the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation].
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Nov 2008
[Evaluation of the sanitary-and-epidemiological hazard of solid garbage in Astana].
According to the national plan of actions on environmental protection, industrial garbage recycling is to be introduced in Almaty and Astana for the sustainable development of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Integrated assessment of the hazard of garage is made by the sanitary-and-chemical and sanitary-and-epidemiological indices to provide the hygienic and ecological reliability of a procedure for neutralization and utilization of solid garbage (SG). According to the data obtained, Astana SG Astana in summer is characterized by the high total level of bacterial contamination. ⋯ Comparison of the sanitary-and-epidemiological indices of different types of SG (wastes from housing facilities, wholesale and retail outlays, and education, culture, and entertainment institutions) revealed no significant differences. According to the sanitary-and-helmintological indices, the Astana soil should be classified as pure (noninvasive). Involvement of SG into industrial recycling should be accompanied by a hygienic assessment of the hazard of waste and the reliability of used technologies in the context of warning and on-going sanitary surveillance.
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The existing methodic approaches to analyzing a noncarcinogenic risk fail to fully solve the tasks set within the basic lines of the activities of the Russian Agency for Consumer Surveillance since there are limited capacities of the quantitative assessment of a noncarcinogenic risk to human health. An algorithm is proposed for basing the indicators assessing a noncarcinogenic risk to human health, which assumes to determine exposure or an exposure marker for a cohort to be examined, to define a response to human health exposure, to construct mathematical "exposure (an exposure marker)-response" models, to determine the ineffective levels exposure for each type of a response, to make the piecewise-linear approximation of a model, and to calculate a slope factor for each linearized interval of an exposure-response model. Application of the proposed methodic approaches makes it possible, provided that the estimation of the cost of risk units, to assess the economic loss risk associated with the pollution of environmental objects, including a preventable risk, and to calculate the indicators of the effectiveness and efficiency of the activities of the bodies and organizations of the Russian Agency for Consumer Surveillance in reducing the risk to the population's health.