Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2008
Comparative Study[Environmental lead pollution in Ulan-Bator and children's health].
The paper gives data on environmental lead pollution (ambient air, snow, soil). There is a direct correlation between the blood content of lead in children living in different microdistricts of Ulan-Bator and the level of environmental lead pollution, which results in neurological diseases in children.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jul 2008
[Hygienic evaluation of the influence of environmental factors on adolescents' health in a gas-and-oil producing region].
Environmental factors in a gas-and-oil producing region were hygienically evaluated for their influence on the health of adolescents living in the towns of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District (KMAD) - Yugry. The air was found to be polluted by incomplete oil and gas combustion products from flares, by emission from emergency conditions at gas-and-oil-producing enterprises. The major ambient air pollutants were formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, and suspended solids. ⋯ The population's potential health risk associated with a water factor in all the four towns was due to the presence of manganese and silicon. Hazardous substances available in the ambient air and water, as well as natural and climatic living conditions were ascertained to influence the health of adolescents. The results of the study served as a basis for substantiation of measures to reduce pollution of ambient air and drinking water supply objects in the KMAD-Yugry and a package of measures to improve the health of adolescents.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2008
[Determinants of morbidity in the areas situated along the Techa and Iset Rivers].
Due to the massive pollution of the Techa-Iset river system with the radioactive sewage of the Mayak industrial association in the 1950s, the factors responsible for the incidence of diseases were studied in 5 districts of the Kurgan Region along the territory of which rivers flow. There is a direct relationship of children's morbidity to ambient air pollution. ⋯ There is an inverse correlation of morbidity with the provision with therapists and with the economic indices of districts. The prevalence of some types of diseases, such as those of the endocrine and respiratory systems, ulcer disease correlates with the ranking position of a district in the level of pollution in the Techa and Iset Rivers.
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Experience in solving specific problems in sociohygienic monitoring shows that among risk factors, health losses are most commonly considered from the man-caused environmental load on the population, by employing statistical modeling methods and reports on monitoring socioeconomic risk factors are evidently insufficient. A cause-effect relation in the habitat-population health system should be revealed, by taking into account the combined multienvironmental influence of man-caused (chemical, physical) and social factors. For solution of the problems put in work, multivariate analysis was used to reveal the common mechanisms of an association of socioeconomic conditions, national composition, morbidity and disability rates, migration processes, and demographic structure with birth and mortality rates in villagers in the context of economic areas and municipal entities.
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The patterns of growth and development were revealed in preschool children from Chukotka, which were characterized by ontogenetic heterochronism, sex dimorphism, and differences in the values of skeleton massiveness, body build, and body component contents, depending on age, gender, and ethnicity. The pattern of increments in height and weight was defined, which was optimal in aborigines and poor in newcomers. Variations in body weight was 2-3 times greater than that in height; bone components were observed to be more in boys than in girls independent of age and ethnicity.