Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2008
[Hygienic assessment of biological reservoir pollution in Eastern Siberia and the North].
The paper presents the characteristics of microbial communities in the water reservoirs of Eastern Siberia and North and their changes depending on the anthropogenic pollution and analyzes antibiotic resistance in microorganisms. The water contamination with pathogenic viruses was revealed in relation to the man-made load, which may be a criterion for assessing the epidemiological situation on the territories.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2008
[Methodology of comprehensive evaluation of the population's health during sociohygienic monitoring].
The authors propose the system for evaluating health indices in the population of our country's region, which comprises groups of specific characteristics: demographic; environmental; environment-induced; overall morbidity (including socially induced); and socioeconomic. It has shown that the methods for analyzing a complex of the population's health indices should be aimed at having estimates of the efficiency of solution of practical problems in the maintenance of the population's health at a respective regional level. For their realization, an information analytical system of appropriate use should be developed; moreover, the results of processing the data with its use should be submitted for further analysis at the federal level.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2008
Comparative Study[The health status of children from industrial towns due ambient air pollution].
The author's observations suggest that hygienic monitoring in an industrial city should be made in two areas: 1) ambient air quality and 2) human health. Ambient air quality should be monitored in each town in accordance with an individual program, by taking into account the volume and nature of hazardous substances from the stationary stations, as well as weather conditions, the planning system of residential areas, and the layout of an industrial zone. Monitoring of the population's health in the industrial town should be adapted to the forms and conditions of ambient air quality monitoring in order to reveal environmental pollution-induced changes.
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Somatic trends was considered in Moscow children in a wide age range of 3 to 17 years, by attracting several series of data since the 1990s. To have the greater informative value in data analyses, investigators use the normalized rather than absolute values of various anthropometric signs in the considered data series versus the 2005 data in the age range of 3 to 7 years and versus the 1980s data in the range of 8 to 17 years. ⋯ The stronger somatic trend in preschool children can be associated with that they are, as compared with schoolchildren, neophytes in the compact anthropogenic space and have been, in the past decades, involved in the neurogenic growth stimulators world (a computer and computer games, unlimited TV seeing, inevitable intensive preparation for new-generation schools--increased intellectual-load lyceums and colleges). The decreased transverse body development and overall constitution asthenization seem to result from somatic muscular component abatement with no clear trends in adipopexis in schoolchildren and with an increase in subcutaneous fat deposition in preschool children.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2008
Review[Topical problems in the provision of the Russian Federation's population with sanitary-and-epidemiological well-being].
The most important political and organizational events considerably affecting the strategy and tactics of prevention of infectious diseases may be called at the Summit of Eight (Saint Petersburg) that has considered the problem of consolidation of the world community's efforts in counteracting the prevalence of infectious diseases, as well as the adopted specific decisions on this matter; development of a concept of financial provision of Russian initiatives in the control of infectious diseases and its realization by the Government of the Russian Federation; implementation of the national priority health project on the additional mass immunization against rubella, influenza, poliomyelitis, prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS and viral hepatitis B and C; implementation of regional and federal programs on the population's sanitary-and-epidemiological well-being; further improvement and development of a legal and standard basis in the control of infectious diseases; reorganization of a state sanitary-and-epidemiological service on a large scale; conferment of the status of a poliomyelitis-free country and a WHO certificate to the Russian Federation; development and implementation of the national action plan to maintain the achieved results; implementation of the national program in eradicating measles in the Russian Federation; implementation of complex measures against the importation and spread of revived particularly dangerous infections, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and avian influenza and preparation of the population for a possible influenza pandemic; establishment of an executive headquarters to coordinate activities against the prevalence of avian influenza in the Russian Federation; making decisions, with the results of a meeting of the Russian Federation's State Council being kept in mind, on the intensification and coordination of activities aimed at counteracting the epidemic of HIV/AIDS in the Russian Federation, by setting up a governmental commission; involvement in the solution of biological safety problems in accordance with the "Foundations of public chemical and biological safety policy of the Russian Federation for the period till 2000 and further prospects" approved by the President of the Russian Federation; implementation of measures for sanitary area control within the framework of the goal-oriented federal program "The State Boundary of the Russian Federation" (2003-2010).