Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2007
[A methodological scheme for examination of the urban population, by making multilevel assessments of exposure to ambient air pollutants].
A novel methodological design comprising multilevel assessments of exposures of examinees to controlled ambient air pollution according to the data of route stations was developed to examine the population of large towns. The design was tested in 4 surveys of Moscow residents (apparently healthy and outpatients with a number of chronic diseases). The findings indicate the fundamental possibility of altering the traditional differential design of biomedical surveys of the population, by introducing more evidence-based regression analyses and dividing the contributions of individual chemicals to the observed changes in health indices.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2007
[Analyzing the population's health risks from the influence of environmental factors of various nature in vicinity of the Siberian chemical complex].
The paper provides the results of calculating the risks to human health in the cities of Seversk and Tomsk. The cancer risk from man-caused radiation is 2 orders of magnitude lower than that from air pollution with chemical carcinogens. Air contamination of classical chemical pollutants presents a major hazard to human health.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2007
[Impact of short weather changes on the population's health risk from ambient air pollution].
The paper considers the negative impact of weather changes in combination with the altered quality of ambient air on the economic and social spheres of society and on the population's health. It describes experience in assessing a possible damage to the health of the Moscow population from exposure to elevated concentrations of ambient air pollutants (suspended matter, nitrogen and sulfur dioxides, carbon oxide). The results of assessment simulation of dissemination of chemicals contained in the emission from the Moscow heat-and-power objects under poor weather conditions are presented.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2007
[Child's adaptation as an indicator of poor environmental influences].
The body's adjustment changes under the influence of environmental risk factors whose long-term exposure further results in the development of prenosological and morbid disorders. These processes occur most promptly in children. The influence of risk factors, including those caused by the productive activity of the Kotlas industrial CBK complex on a child's adaptation, was studied. The specific features revealed in the physical development, baseline autonomic tone, and psychophysiological adaptation of the first and tenth-form schoolchildren under study suggest that the mechanisms responsible for adjustment are strained under the influence of environmental risk factors and differ in nature, structure, and intensity in the exposure and comparison groups.
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A questionnaire survey made in different Voronezh population groups suggests that they spend 80 to 90% of time in the enclosed space. The greatest contribution to the chemical load caused by ambient air pollution made by production areas (54.9%) in the adult able-bodied population and by dwelling areas (56.0-86.9%) in children, adolescents, and pensioners. Pollution of ambient air (K = 9.19) is pronounced to a lesser degree than that of the air of office buildings (K = 12.49), which suggests that there are internal contamination sources in the closed space. The results of the questionnaire survey of respondents suggest that 20% suffer from allergic diseases and 7% of them associate these diseases with dwelling area contamination.