Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2007
[Experience in rehabilitating children living in the poor environmental areas of a large industrial center].
By using a large industrial center as an example, the authors consider the results of environmental and epidemiological studies applying the techniques of assessing a human health risk and the environment, which could establish the priority problems in morbidity, identify risk factors and environmental contributors, and rank urban areas by the sanitary and epidemiological situation and by the risk to the population's health in order to optimally solve the problems in the implementation of rehabilitation programs for the general population, including children.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2007
[Management of a risk to human health in technological and hygiene reequipment of industrial enterprises].
By using as an example the Urals aluminum plants UAZ-SUAL and BAZ-SUAL that are under reconstruction at different levels, the authors have developed the basic elements of a risk management methodology, which ensure the creation of living conditions that are safe to the population's health. They give a comprehensive hygienic and economic assessment of the choice of effective development strategy of an enterprise and show the ways and possibility of solving the problems associated with the sanitary-and-epidemiological situation of strain.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2007
[A role of the sociohygienic monitoring system in the maintenance and promotion of the population's health (in case of the Sverdlovsk Region)].
The paper summarizes the results of implementation of the sociohygienic monitoring system in the Sverdlovsk Region, the stages of the populational and individual diagnosis, by using a risk-assessing methodology and current environmental and epidemiological studies. Sociohygienic monitoring allowed the priorities to be determined in health maintenance and promotion in the population of this region. The accumulated experience illustrated by some examples that have been earlier published in detail supports the need for a relationship of the above guidelines within the sociohygienic monitoring system, for the development of mechanisms responsible for risk management and further improvement of surveillance of the sanitary and epidemiological situation.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2007
[Organization of fractional monitoring of ambient air pollution by suspended matter in Russia].
The authors consider the organization of a system for monitoring of ambient air pollution by suspended matter (by fractions of less than 10 microm and less than 2.5 microm) as one of the most urgent tasks in the harmonization of the Russian and western methods for assessing the quality of the environment. The frame plan for organization of ambient air suspended matter monitoring in the countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasia, and Central Asia, proposed by the WHO European Regional Office provides basic guidelines for this system and may be adapted to Russian conditions, as evidenced by the author's experience. The paper summarizes the basic results of the studies that have established the association of respiratory disease in junior schoolchildren with exposure to PM10 and PM2.5.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2007
[Age-related changes in the physical development of Kabardin-Balkarian school-children living at various heights above sea level].
Four and eighty-one schoolchildren aged 7-17 years, living at a height of 2100 m above sea level, and 1677 schoolchildren of the same age, living at a height of 100-400 m above sea level, from the Kabardin-Balkarian Republic were examined by the list of morphological indices of physical development (PD), such as height (cm), body weight (kg), and chest circumference (cm). The results were rated by using the 5-score scale, by calculating the integral indicator of PD (low, moderate, and high). The schoolchildren living at high heights were ascertained to have high values. ⋯ The geographical differences in three parameters of PH between Kabardin-Balkarian schoolchildren were heterodirectional: the altitude children outrun the plain one in height during a short period of time (the boys outrun at the age of 10 to 13 years; the girls do at the age of 11 to 14 years). In terms of body weight, the children from the study groups either outrun, or lag each other, in the boys and girls, these variations being opposite in time. From the age of 10 years, the altitude children of both sexes surpass the plain ones in chest circumference.