Gigiena i sanitariia
-
Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2006
Review[Assessment of human health damage as a priority of human ecology and a tool for justifying managerial decisions].
The paper analyzes of the currently available guidelines for assessing damages (in kind and value terms) caused by environmental factors to the population's health. The contributions of various diseases, the quality of the environment, bad habits, and other internal and external factors to the mortality structure in Russia are compared. The authors show it important to study the comparative role of the quality of life and its style, environmental pollution, the population's subjective perception of risks in the formation of health damages.
-
The interaction of the interested services and authorities in implementing a package of goal-oriented organizational, comprehensive preventive and antiepidemic measures has given stability of the sanitary-and-epidemiological situation in the Russian Federation in some recent years. To accomplish the tasks, particularly those in developing a package of measures to reduce the prevalence of infectious diseases, the "Health" national program has been drawn up for 2006-2007 this year. One of the priorities of the program is to enhance the prophylactic orientation of the public health care system. ⋯ It was assumed that 2006 spring migration might lead to the spread of pathogenic influenza H5N1 viruses throughout European Russia. This was due to the fact that the birds migrating to European Russia and a portion of birds migrating from Siberia have common winter nesting areas. To prevent mass influenza virus-infected birds' death and human infection in the epizootic localities, the federal surveillance service for protection of users' rights and human well-being jointly with the federal veterinary and phytosanitary surveillance service, and public health care administrative bodies has organized and implemented a package of measures: active headquarters have been set up in the epizooty-afflicted subjects to coordinate activities in localizing the spread of epizooty of birds; emergency commissions and antiepizootic commissions have been held; regulatory documents on the Russian Federation's subjects have been published; daily collection, analysis, systematization, and exchange of information between interested services, et. are under way.
-
Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2006
Review[The country's geochemical provinces and the population's health].
The paper describes possible conditions for forming the natural and artificial geochemical provinces available on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as the impact of localities' soil pollution with chemicals on human health, by using specific areas as an example. Emphasis is laid on the fact that it is urgent to substantiate priorities to organize and manage a section of sociohygienic monitoring of localities' soil.
-
Gigiena i sanitariia · Sep 2006
Comparative Study[Comparative assessment of the cancer risk of the products of smoking and ambient air pollution].
Danger from aerogenic dose carcinogens entering the body with smoking products is shown to be essentially greater than that from aerogenic loading in industrial centers. The individual and population risks for smoking-induced cancer and the economic damage to the country, associated with the treatment of a large number of patients are given. To make a complete assessment of the carcinogenic risk of tobacco smoking, it is necessary to estimate all its carcinogenic constituents, their precursors, and possible transformation products at elevated temperatures.