Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · May 2006
Comparative Study[Hygienic assessment of textbooks for educational establishments of different types].
The role of hygienic parameters of prints in the development of fatigue and this or that abnormality in schoolchildren of today has been inadequately studied. Practically every three or two textbooks on the humanities, analyzed by the authors, show breaches of the orders of educational publishing products; they are much less significantly encountered in the textbooks on natural sciences and, in isolated instances, in those on mathematical sciences. Thus, due to the variations in their weight, the lettering of a body text, high component complexity and abstractedness, the textbooks are a risk factor for visual, nervous, and musculoskeletal diseases among pupils of educational establishments, particularly those of the innovation type. The problems associated of the present-day textbook are of no hygienic order, although they may exert a considerable impact on pupils' efficiency.
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The paper considers materials on the substantiation of criteria, indices, and their gradation for a new variant of the hygienic classification of hazards of water-contaminating substances. Emphasis is placed on the significance of a ratio of the maximally inactive concentrations (MIC) in terms of the toxicological sign of harmfulness to the threshold concentrations (TC) in terms of their effects on the organoleptic properties of water and on the general sanitary regime of water reservoirs. Only two types of late effects of substances, which are of individual significance for classification, such as carcinogenicity and reproductive effects, are identified. It is stated that a class of hazard may be toughened for high-stable substances, but neither the stability nor any other indices of the potential hazard of substances is the ground for reducing their hygienic standards in water.
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The changes in the physical development of frequently ill children (FIC) aged 3-7 years are considered. The rate of an increase in the height and body weight of FIC has been found to differ from that of these indices in occasionally ill children (OIC). ⋯ In both groups, these deviations are more frequently encountered in boys than in girls. Creating the optimum conditions for children's physical development care and promotion will substantially improve their health status, increase the number of children annually stricken off the register of FIC, and reduce the number of days missed by a child for sickness.