Gigiena i sanitariia
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2014
[Hygienic aspects of the working conditions assessment and state of health of the workers of the railway departmental security forces].
There were performed a comprehensive hygienic evaluation of the working conditions of employment and analysis of morbidity with temporary disability (MTD) of the workers of the railway departmental security forces. There was proved a significant influence of accumulated period of work on MTD. The professional causality as of the respiratory diseases in shooters and dog handlers, as of diseases of the circulatory system in the administrative and managerial workers has been established.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2014
Comparative Study Historical Article[100 years of drinking water regulation. Retrospective review, current situation and prospects].
There is considered the history of the development of legislative requirements to the regulation of the quality of drinking water in different countries and international organizations during the period from 1912 to the present time. In terms of comparative analysis there is analyzed the current state of regulatory frameworks of the Russian Federation, WHO, EU, Finland, the UK, Singapore, Australia, Japan, China, Nigeria, the United States and Canada in the field of providing favorable conditions of population drinking water use. There has been noted the significant progress in standardization of the content of the biogenic elements and chemical pollution of drinking water in the absence of uniform requirements to the composition and properties of drinking water globally, that is bound to the need to take into account the national peculiarities of drinking water supply within the separate countries. As promising directions for improving regulation of drinking water quality there are noted: the development of new standards for prioritized water pollution, periodic review ofstandards after appearance of the new scientific data on the biological action of substances, the use of the concept of risk, the harmonization of the normative values and the assessment of the possibility of introduction into the practice the one more criterion of profitableness of population water use--the bioenergetic state of the water.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jan 2014
[Hygienic evaluation of the effectiveness of the concept of improvement the water supply in the south-eastern region of the Republic of Tatarstan].
In the paper there is presented the hygienic assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of a program aimed at improving conditions of the water supply in the oil producing regions of the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result of realization of measures it was able to improve the quality of drinking water in terms of chemical safety and to reduce the risk to public health. For the present time the following factors: water quality of the water source, the mismatch of sanitary protective zone to requirements of sanitary laws and failure to comply with security measures on its territory, deterioration of water quality during transport and imperfection of laboratory control monitoring were shown to make the highest contribution to the disadvantage of centralized drinking water systems.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jan 2014
Review[Results of health risk assessment due to exposure to contaminants in drinking water in Russia population (review of literature)].
With the purpose of the analysis of general trends in the development of risk assessment methodology in Russia the results obtained with the her help, as well as existing methodological problems, there was performed a review of 68 published works concerning the assessment of the health risk for population under the exposure to chemicals in drinking water carried out in 42 cities and regions of the country. There was made the grouping of Russian cities on individual carcinogenic risk level and ranking on the values for the population carcinogenic risk. ⋯ By the values of the risk indices to adverse effects of chemicals tap water there are exposed central nervous system, kidneys, liver, skin and mucous membranes, blood, bone, immune system, hormone homeostasis, blood circulation and digestion organs. There are identified methodological problems leading to an underestimation of the actual risk to public health under exposure of chemicals in drinking water: there are no used regional and age differences in exposure factors, virtually there is no assessed health risk for children population; there is ignored age sensitivity to carcinogens, there is rarely estimated exposure for all the real exposing routes of income and there are no carried out risk calculations at the upper limit (90- 95th percentile) of the exposure.
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Gigiena i sanitariia · Jan 2014
[Scientific approaches to modernization of the regulatory framework in the field of hygiene of planning and building of settlements in Ukraine].
In the paper there are investigated and analyzed the new laws and regulations of sanitary and town planning legislation, introduced in 2011-2012 which concern issues of planning and building of settlements. It is established that the functions of the State for Sanitary and Epidemiological Oversight have been given up and the necessity of incorporation in the Law of Ukraine "On ensuring sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population" alterations which touch upon the implementation of a new approach to the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Oversight of the objects, namely for the placement of objects with low and moderate epidemic risk accordingly to hygienic declarations, objects with high risk--using an approach directed to the risk assessment of the impact of such facilities on public health.