Advances in neurology
-
There is no single test that is diagnostic of MS, including MRI. The lesions detected with MRI are pathologically nonspecific. The principles of MS diagnosis are based on showing dissemination of white matter lesions in space and time. ⋯ Spinal cord imaging is equally valuable to rule out spinal stenosis or tumor, and for detecting asymptomatic lesions when brain imaging is nondiagnostic in patients suspected of having MS. Precise criteria may be too suggestive that MS can be diagnosed by MRI and a negative MRI at the time of CIS does not rule out MS. MRI evidence plays a supportive role in what is ultimately a clinical diagnosis of MS, in the appropriate clinical situation, and always at the exclusion of alternative diagnoses.
-
Advances in neurology · Jan 2006
ReviewIntractable epilepsy, hormonal and reproductive problems: human and animal studies.
Both women and men with epilepsy run significant risks of reproductive dysfunction. These problems are seldom addressed, however, either by the medical profession or by lay organizations. Many physicians are not even aware of these health risks. Increased awareness of--and treatment of--these problems are important goals for the future.