Frontiers in psychology
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Frontiers in psychology · Jan 2019
Body Image and Sexual Dissatisfaction: Differences Among Heterosexual, Bisexual, and Lesbian Women.
Gender-based differences in body image dissatisfaction are not conclusive. Women's body experiences and their impact on sexual satisfaction may advance knowledge on how heterosexual, bisexual, and lesbian women internalize heterosexist values. ⋯ No sexual orientation-based differences were observed in body or sexual dissatisfaction; however, body concerns were found to have less influence on sexual dissatisfaction in lesbian women compared to heterosexual and bisexual women. Standards of beauty remain constant among all women, yet removing themselves from the male gaze may be interpreted as a protective factor which shields women from expressing concern about their appearance during sexual activity.
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Frontiers in psychology · Jan 2019
Learning From the Past to Advance the Future: The Adaptation and Resilience of NASA's Spaceflight Multiteam Systems Across Four Eras of Spaceflight.
Many important "grand" challenges-such as sending a team of humans on a voyage to Mars-present superordinate goals that require coordinated efforts across "multiteam systems" comprised of multiple uniquely specialized and interdependent component teams. Given their flexibility and resource capacity, multiteam system structures have great potential to perform adaptively in dynamic contexts. However, these systems may fail to achieve their superordinate goals if constituent members or teams do not adapt their collaboration processes to meet the needs of the changing environment. ⋯ Moreover, we find that within each era, SFMTSs addressed new challenges adaptively by modifying their: (1) technical capabilities; (2) internal collaborative relationships; and/or (3) external partnerships. However, the systems were sometimes slow to implement needed adaptations, and changes were often spurred by initial performance failures. Implications for supporting future SFMTS performance and future directions for MTS theory and research are discussed.
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Frontiers in psychology · Jan 2019
The Double-Edged Sword Effect of Abusive Supervision on Subordinates' Innovative Behavior.
Existing studies on the relationship between abusive supervision and innovative behavior do not present a united picture. Drawing up the antecedent-benefit-cost framework and social cognitive theory, we tried to explain the contradictory relationships between them based on the mediating mechanism. Results showed that abusive supervision discouraged subordinates' innovative behavior through reducing subordinates' psychological safety but promoted subordinates' innovative behavior through enhancing challenge-related stress.
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Frontiers in psychology · Jan 2019
How and When Do Leaders Influence Employees' Well-Being? Moderated Mediation Models for Job Demands and Resources.
Following the call of recent reviews on leadership and well-being, the purpose of this study is to examine how and when two contrasting leadership styles, transformational leadership (TFL) and passive-avoidant leadership (PAL), are related to employees' anxiety and thereby either promote or inhibit employees' well-being. Using the prominent job demands-resources (JD-R) model as a theoretical framework, we propose that the relationship between leadership behavior and anxiety is mediated by organizational job demands, namely, role ambiguity (RA), and job resources, namely, team climate for learning (TCL), as well as moderated by autonomy as important job characteristic. A sample of 501 knowledge workers, working in teams in a German research and development (R&D) organization, answered an online survey. ⋯ Job autonomy moderated the quality of the leadership-job demand relationship for TFL and PAL. This paper contributes to understanding the complex relationship between leadership and followers' well-being taking into account a combination of mediating and moderating job demands and resources. This is the first study that examines the effects of TFL and PAL on well-being taking into account the job demand RA and team processes and autonomy as resources.
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Frontiers in psychology · Jan 2019
Dyadic Coping of Kidney Transplant Recipients and Their Partners: Sex and Role Differences.
Background: Coping with stressful health issues - e.g., organ transplantation - can affect interpersonal relationships. Objective: The study examines individual and dyadic coping (DC) in kidney transplant recipients and their partners under consideration of sex and role differences. The Dyadic Coping Inventory allows analyzing partners' perception of their own DC and also of their partner's behavior and investigating different perspectives with three discrepancy indexes (similarity, perceived similarity, congruence). ⋯ The same differences were found comparing female with male patients. No differences occurred between male and female caregivers (sex differences). (4) Regarding male's relationship quality, male's DC total score and similarity index seem to be important predictors in couples with male patients. Discussion: The results demonstrate the relevance of DC in couples with kidney transplantation and show differences between males and females as well as between patients and partners.