Multiple sclerosis and related disorders
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Mult Scler Relat Disord · Aug 2020
Case ReportsEvolution and resolution of brain involvement associated with SARS- CoV2 infection: A close Clinical - Paraclinical follow up study of a case.
The new severe acute respiratory syndrome- coronavirus 2 is reported to affect the nervous system. Among the reports of the various neurological manifestations, there are a few documented specific processes to explain the neurological signs. ⋯ This comprehensive overview can illuminate the natural history of similar cases. As the two previously reported cases of encephalitis associated with this virus were not widely discussed regarding the treatment, we share our successful approach and add some recommendations about this new and scarce entity.
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Mult Scler Relat Disord · Aug 2020
ReviewThe underpinning biology relating to multiple sclerosis disease modifying treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic.
SARS-CoV-2 viral infection causes COVID-19 that can result in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which can cause significant mortality, leading to concern that immunosuppressive treatments for multiple sclerosis and other disorders have significant risks for both infection and ARDS. ⋯ In contrast to ablative haematopoietic stem cell therapy, most multiple-sclerosis-related disease modifying therapies do not particularly target the innate immune system and few have any major long-term impact on CD8 T cells to limit protection against COVID-19. In addition, few block the formation of immature B cells within lymphoid tissue that will provide antibody-mediated protection from (re)infection. However, adjustments to dosing schedules may help de-risk the chance of infection further and reduce the concerns of people with MS being treated during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Mult Scler Relat Disord · Aug 2020
Review Meta AnalysisAdherence and drop-out in randomized controlled trials of exercise interventions in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analyses.
The short-term benefits of exercise in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are well established. To sustain benefits exercise needs to continue long-term. Despite important clinical implications, no systematic reviews have synthesized evidence on adherence and drop-out in MS exercise interventions. ⋯ Little consensus existed on definition of adherence or determination of drop-out in MS exercise studies, with reporting generally of poor quality, if done at all. Hence it is largely unknown what can moderate adherence and whether exercise continued following an exercise intervention. Researchers should ensure clear transparent measurement and reporting of adherence and drop-out data in future trials.
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Mult Scler Relat Disord · Aug 2020
Altered resting-state functional connectivity density in patients with neuromyelitis optica-spectrum disorders.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disorder, accompanied by abnormal spontaneous activity of the brain and impairment of the retina and optic nerve. Functional connectivity density (FCD) map, a graph theory method, was applied to explore the functional connectivity alterations of brian in NMOSD patients and investigate the alterations of FCD to the structural and microvascular changes around the optic nerve head (ONH). ⋯ Our study demonstrates that patients with NMOSD have widespread brain dysfunction after optic neuritis attacks which shows as impairment of widespread spatial distribution in long- and short-range FCD. Structural and microvascular changes around the ONH are associated with neural changes in the brain.