Surgery
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Implanted insulin pumps (IIPs) are an alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus. To maintain good glycemic control, patients with an IIP require frequent surgical interventions. ⋯ Long-term use of IIPs results in significant improvements in clinical parameters and quality of life for individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Relatively frequent operations are required for maintaining pump function, which are done with a local anesthetic with minimal morbidity.