Surgery
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This study was undertaken to establish an equation to estimate mortality with the use of the prediction scoring system designated as the Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress (E-PASS), and to evaluate the system's usefulness in defining quality of care by comparing it with the Physiologic and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration for Mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) and Portsmouth-possum (P-POSSUM) scoring systems previously generated for surgical audit. ⋯ The E-PASS scoring system may be useful in defining surgical quality and may be more accurate than existing systems in evaluating elective digestive surgery.
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Three different protocols tested the hypothesis that hind limb muscle tissue O(2) saturation (StO(2)), measured noninvasively with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), is as reliable as invasive systemic oxygenation indices to guide fluid resuscitation. ⋯ Noninvasive muscle StO(2) determined by NIRS was more reliable than invasive oxygenation variables as an index of shock. Because muscle StO(2) can be easily monitored in emergency situations, it may represent an improved method to gauge the severity of shock or the adequacy of fluid resuscitation after trauma.
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The Leapfrog Group standards for evidence-based hospital referral underwent significant revision in 2003. In addition to other changes, risk-adjusted mortality and process of care measures now augment or replace volume standards for some procedures. The objective of this study was to estimate the potential benefits of these newly expanded standards. ⋯ Widespread implementation of the 2003 Leapfrog standards for evidence-based referral could avert a large number of surgical deaths. For some procedures, standards comprised of process of care or direct outcome measures would be more effective than those based on volume alone.