Archives of general psychiatry
-
Arch. Gen. Psychiatry · Oct 2009
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyIncremental benefit and cost of telephone care management and telephone psychotherapy for depression in primary care.
Effectiveness of organized depression care programs is well established, but dissemination will depend on the balance of benefits and costs. ⋯ Compared with current primary care practice, a structured telephone program including care management and cognitive behavioral psychotherapy has significant clinical benefit with only a modest increase in health services cost.
-
Arch. Gen. Psychiatry · Oct 2009
Comparative StudyPositron emission tomography measures of endogenous opioid neurotransmission and impulsiveness traits in humans.
The endogenous opioid system and opioid mu receptors (mu-receptors) are known to interface environmental events, positive (eg, relevant emotional stimuli) and negative (eg, stressors), with pertinent behavioral responses and to regulate motivated behavior. ⋯ Individual differences in the function of the endogenous mu-receptor system predict personality traits that confer vulnerability to or resiliency against risky behaviors such as the predisposition to develop substance use disorders. These personality traits are also implicated in psychopathological states (eg, personality disorders) in which variations in the function of this neurotransmitter system also may play a role.
-
Arch. Gen. Psychiatry · Sep 2009
Comparative StudyAssociation of time since deployment, combat intensity, and posttraumatic stress symptoms with neuropsychological outcomes following Iraq war deployment.
Previous research has demonstrated neuropsychological changes following Iraq deployment. It is unknown whether these changes endure without subsequent war-zone exposure or chronic stress symptoms. ⋯ In this study of army soldiers deployed to the Iraq war, only PTSD symptoms (among soldiers back from deployment for 1 year) were associated with a neuropsychological deficit (reduced attention). Greater combat intensity was associated with enhanced reaction time, irrespective of time since return.
-
Arch. Gen. Psychiatry · Aug 2009
Comparative StudySupport for NRG1 as a susceptibility factor for schizophrenia in a northern Swedish isolated population.
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1), a growth factor involved in neurodevelopment, myelination, neurotransmitter receptor expression, and synaptic plasticity, first joined the list of candidate genes for schizophrenia when a 7-marker haplotype at the 5' end of the gene (Hap(ICE)) was shown to be associated with the disorder in the Icelandic population. Since then, more genetic and functional evidence has emerged, which supports a role for NRG1 in the development of schizophrenia. ⋯ The NRG1 gene contributes to the susceptibility for schizophrenia in the northern Swedish population.
-
Arch. Gen. Psychiatry · Jul 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialEfficacy of an Internet-based behavioral intervention for adults with insomnia.
Insomnia is a major health problem with significant psychological, health, and economic consequences. However, availability of one of the most effective insomnia treatments, cognitive behavioral therapy, is significantly limited. The Internet may be a key conduit for delivering this intervention. ⋯ Participants who received the Internet intervention for insomnia significantly improved their sleep, whereas the control group did not have a significant change. The Internet appears to have considerable potential in delivering a structured behavioral program for insomnia.