Thorax
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The nose and paranasal sinuses are contiguous with the lower respiratory tract. Patients with bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis commonly have sinonasal disease, which is thought to have the same aetiology and pathophysiology as the chronic lung disease. ⋯ In addition to being a common cause of comorbidity, there is evidence suggesting that sinonasal disease may directly influence the bronchial condition. This article reviews sinonasal disease in bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis and addresses the possible interactions between the health and disease of the upper and lower airways.