Indian journal of pediatrics
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Nosocomial infections in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) caused by multidrug-resistant bacterial organisms are increasing. This review attempts to report on significant findings in the current literature related to nosocomial infections in PICU settings with an international perspective. ⋯ A review of emerging resistant bacterial pathogens includes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus sp., Clostridium difficile, extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Gram-negative organisms, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing strains and multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Basic and enhanced infection control methods for the management and control of multidrug-resistant organisms are also summarized with an emphasis on prevention.
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Status epilepticus is a common neurological emergency in childhood and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Status epilepticus (SE) has been defined as continuous seizure activity lasting more than 30 min or 2 or more seizures in this duration without gaining consciousness between them. However, the operational definition has brought the time down to 5 min. ⋯ Thiopentone, propofol or high dose phenobarbitone are considered for treatment of refractory status epilepticus. Prolonged SE is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Long term neurological sequelae include epilepsy, behavioural problems, cognitive decline, and focal neurologic deficits.