Indian journal of pediatrics
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Raised intracranial pressure is a life threatening condition; unless recognized and treated early, it may progress into herniation syndrome and death. Symptoms and signs are neither sufficiently sensitive nor specific, hence a high index of suspicion and vigilance are needed for early recognition. ⋯ The therapeutic measures include stabilization of airway, breathing and circulation, along with neutral neck position, head end elevation by 30°, adequate sedation and analgesia, minimal stimulation, and hyperosmolar therapy (mannitol or 3% saline). Short-term hyperventilation (to achieve PCO(2) ≈ 30 mm Hg) using bag ventilation can be resorted to if signs of impending herniation are present.
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To assess the efficacy of arginine vasopressin (AVP) as a rescue therapy in children with catecholamine refractory vasodilatory shock and its effect on various hemodynamic, clinical, and laboratory variables. ⋯ Concurrent addition of vasopressin at an appropriate stage help improving MAP significantly with decreased dependence on high dose catecholamines without any significant adverse effects.
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Neutropenic enterocolitis is a common gastrointestinal complication in children undergoing chemotherapy for a variety of malignancies. It usually involves ileum and caecum, and involvement of rectum has rarely been reported. The authors report neutropenic enterocolitis in a child undergoing chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic lymphoma which presented with ileus along with a mass like lesion in the rectum.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Intravenous diazepam, midazolam and lorazepam in acute seizure control.
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of three benzodiazepine drugs: Lorazepam, Midazolam and Diazepam, when given parenterally in the control of acute seizure. ⋯ All the three groups were comparable in terms of time to clinical seizure cessation, seizure recurrence and uncontrolled seizures after drug administration. However, number of patients requiring second dose to control seizures were significantly higher in diazepam group when compared to lorazepam group. Excessive somnolence and sedation occurred more frequently with diazepam.