Indian journal of pediatrics
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Non traumatic coma in childhood is an important emergency. It can result from wide range of etiologies. CNS infections are the most common cause of non traumatic coma in children. ⋯ Management of a comatose child goes hand in hand with clinical evaluation. It is an emergency that requires simultaneous institution of immediate life support, identification of the cause and institution of definite therapy. The primary goal is to establish airway, breathing and circulation and to identify and treat raised intracranial pressure and seizures.
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Comparative Study
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants ventilated with continuous positive airway pressure vs. mechanical ventilation.
To compare continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs. traditional mechanical ventilation (MV) at 24 h of age as predictors of neurodevelopmental (ND) outcomes in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants at 18-22 months corrected gestational age (CGA). ⋯ After adjusting for acuity differences, ventilatory strategy at 24 h of age independently predicts long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in ELBW infants.
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Hypercalcemia is rare in neonates but may be associated with hypophosphatemia in Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates who are on parenteral nutrition without adequate phosphate supplementation.
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Comparative Study
Validation of Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 in three pediatric intensive care units in Hong Kong.
To compare the probabilities of death predicted by Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2) and Pediatric Index of Mortality 1 (PIM1) models against actual mortalities in 3 pediatric intensive care units in Hong Kong. ⋯ The current study showed that PIM2 and PIM1 had similar accuracy in mortality prediction in Hong Kong. The current study also demonstrated the difficulty to calibrate the mortality model when actual mortality rate is low.
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Foreign body aspiration into the airway is one of the dramatic pediatric emergencies. It is more common in children aged 6 months to 5 years. Pea nuts and food items account for most cases. ⋯ The initial cough and choking like episodes may be followed by a symptomless interval before leading to further complications. Chest radiograph findings may vary from normal to hyperinflation, obstructive emphysema or pneumothorax. Removal by rigid bronchoscopy is the definitive treatment.