The Surgical clinics of North America
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Surg. Clin. North Am. · Dec 2015
ReviewPsychosocial Support of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patient.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, debilitating disease whose effects spread far beyond the gut. IBD does not generally result in excess mortality; health care providers should thus focus their efforts on improving health-related quality of life and minimizing associated morbidity. A bidirectional relationship exists between IBD and psychiatric conditions; chronic inflammation can produce neuromodulatory effects with resultant mood disorders, and the course of IBD is worse in patients with anxiety and depression. Screening for the early signs of depression or anxiety and initiating appropriate treatment can lead to improved functioning and positively impact disease course.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Advances in surgical and medical management have led to improved outcomes; however, the prognosis of CRC is often poor when detected at a symptomatic stage. ⋯ These features make CRC a suitable candidate for screening, and several options are available. This article outlines the evidence for established CRC screening tests along with a discussion on newer tests and ongoing research.
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Training to excellence in the conduct of surgical procedures has many similarities to the acquisition and mastery of technical skills in elite-level music and sports. By using coaching techniques and strategies gleaned from analysis of professional music ensembles and athletic training, surgical educators can set conditions that increase the success rate of training to elite performance. This article describes techniques and strategies used in both music and athletic coaching, and it discusses how they can be applied and integrated into surgical simulation and education.
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This review investigates the available literature that addresses the impact simulator training has on patient outcomes. The authors conducted a comprehensive literature search of studies reporting outcomes of simulation training and categorized studies based on the Kirkpatrick model of training evaluation. Kirkpatrick level 4 studies reporting patient outcomes were identified and included in this review. Existing evidence is promising, demonstrating patient benefits as a result of simulation training for central line placement, obstetric emergencies, cataract surgery, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, and team training.
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Surg. Clin. North Am. · Aug 2015
ReviewApplying Educational Theory to Simulation-Based Training and Assessment in Surgery.
Considerable progress has been made regarding the range of simulator technologies and simulation formats. Similarly, results from research in human learning and behavior have facilitated the development of best practices in simulation-based training (SBT) and surgical education. Today, SBT is a common curriculum component in surgical education that can significantly complement clinical learning, performance, and patient care experiences. Beginning with important considerations for selecting appropriate forms of simulation, several relevant educational theories of learning are described.