Pain management
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SUMMARY ⋯ In this prematurely terminated study in adults with painful VCF, trends suggested that tapentadol IR was tolerated better than oxycodone IR.
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SUMMARY Choosing the initial medications for intrathecal delivery is often confusing and not standardized. We describe a novel way for using a combined spinal-epidural technique to compare two first-line medications for intrathecal delivery; ziconotide and morphine (or hydromorphone). ⋯ The Visual Analog Scale, Numerical Rating Scale, short-term McGill questionnaire and opioid consumption were monitored daily. The results were used to develop a paradigm to describe how ziconotide can be used in practice.