Journal of insurance medicine (New York, N.Y.)
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-The values of SEER site recode variables are based on the primary site and histology data fields submitted to SEER by the registries. The site recode variables define the major cancer site/histology groups that are commonly used in the reporting of cancer incidence data and are added to the SEER databases as a convenience for researchers. These codes and definitions are periodically updated and changed by the National Cancer Institute as newer and more applicable information becomes available. Because this myeloma analysis includes cases diagnosed 2010+, the ICD-O-3 recode-updates with adjustment for WHO 2008 hematopoietic histologies that account for changes in the obsolete classification of hematopoietic histology codes, and the assignment of new names (ie, multiple myeloma-MM - to - plasma cell myeloma-PCM) is adhered to and used here. Plasma cell myeloma (PCM) is a bone-marrow based multifocal plasma cell malignancy (primary site C421). PCM is characterized by a single clone of plasma cells, believed to be derived from lymphoid B cells, and spans a clinical spectrum from asymptomatic to aggressive forms, plus disorders caused by the deposition of abnormal immunoglobulin chains in tissue. The current myeloma group ICD-O-3 histologic morphology types consists of: ICD-O-3 9731: Plasmacytoma, NOS, occurring in bone (osseous plasmacytoma malignancy data reportable to SEER only beginning since 1986); ICD-O-3 9732: Plasma cell myeloma - composed of three clinical variants: a) asymptomatic, b) Non-secretory myeloma, and c) Plasma cell leukemia (all coded to 9732); ICD-O-3 9734: Extramedullary plasmacytoma; anatomic sites other than bone. ⋯ -Recent SEER age-adjusted incidence trends, 2011-2014, for all races has been downward, with an annual percentage change (APC) of -2.5% per year. Mean age in plasma cell myeloma (PCM) patients was about 1-year less in males (67.8 yrs) than in females (69.2 yrs). PCM is accompanied by a very high excess mortality and much reduced 5-year relative survival ratio especially in older age groups. Generally, first year excess death rates (EDRs) decreased with duration but increased with advancing entry age, and there was no sex difference. First year EDRs in blacks, all ages combined, was quite high but lower than EDRs in whites. Median survival, actual survival and 5-year relative survival ratios diminished precipitously to extremely low levels with increasing entry age attesting to the lethal character of this disease especially in older patients.
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-Incidence and prognosis of cancers of the endocrine glands vary greatly by stage and histologic type, and, thyroid cancer accounts for most (92%) of the cancers of the endocrine glands. It is the 8th most common of cancers and has been rising in incidence since 1975. It remains a formidable health threat in the United States in 2016 with estimated cases of 64,300 and 1980 deaths. ⋯ - Tables 1 - 8 provide basic SEER epidemiologic, demographic, case-statistics, and comparative mortality follow-up data of 4 principal and 2 supplementary thyroid cancer oncotypes by age, sex, race, stage and disease duration of patients in the 1993-2013 time-period. [Table: see text] [Table: see text] [Table: see text] [Table: see text] [Table: see text] [Table: see text] [Table: see text] [Table: see text] Conclusions.-Thyroid cancer when localized has a very good prognosis, with no significant excess mortality after diagnosis in papillary and papillary follicular variant cancers (PFV). Because nearly two thirds of thyroid cancers are localized, and excess death rate (EDR) is small in patients with regional cancer under age 50, overall excess mortality for all ages also virtually disappeared after 10 years in papillary and follicular cancer. Overall, the 5-year survival rate is greater than 90% for papillary and follicular carcinomas. Nevertheless, because of the marked predominance of papillary carcinoma, the continued increase in its relative frequency and annual projected deaths, thyroid carcinoma remains a significant health concern in the current era.