Przegla̧d epidemiologiczny
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The health of the individuals and whole population is determined by many interrelated factors. Primary by socio-economic distal determinants which are essential for health inequalities. ⋯ The concept of investment for health is described. Principles of healthy public policy and prospects of health in all policies, Impact Assessment methodology and Health Impact Assessment are marked out.
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Case Reports
[Encephalomeningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes in patient infected by TBE virus--case report].
The epidemiology of listeriosis is constantly changing towards higher incidence. The most endangered group of patients are people with immunodeficiency caused by coexisting diseases. In these cases listeriosis may take a very severe course. In this paper we present a case of a 76 year old female who suffered from encephalomeningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes and additionally was infected by tick borne encephalitis virus and Borrelia burgdorferi.
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On the 15th of June 2007 entered into force the International Health Regulations entered into force with are the revision previous Health Regulations from 1969. The IHR (2005) were adopted on 58 World Health Assembly by WHO member-states. The new Regulations give a new opportunity and tools to protect and control of infections diseases. ⋯ The key terms as defined by IHR (2005) are: term of event, disease, public health risk (PHR), public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), National IHR Focal Point and WHO IHR Contact Point. By new requirements State-Parties are involve in real time event management, they are also oblige to asses the event risk according to decision instrument in Annex 2 of IHR (2005). This article reviews the key obligations of IHR (2005) to both member-states and WHO and also the ways of emergence communications under this document.
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Health care institutions generate variable waste, including infectious. Since the microorganism can survive on non alive surfaces for up to dozen or so mouth infectious medical waste can be real health risk for patients and personnel. ⋯ The members of this committee should be representatives from all departments. The plan of management waste from health can institutions include the segregation of waste and management (collecting, storage, transport, neutralization).
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In 2006, with 2949 new cases of hepatitis C, the incidence (7.7 per 100 000) was within the range observed in the last year (2997 new cases with the incidence rate 7.9 in 2005). There were 131 deaths due to hepatitis C. ⋯ The number of cases of newly detected infection reported was 8952, which corresponds to the rate of detecting HCV of 23,5 per 100 000 population. Hepatitis C becomes a major health problem in Poland.